National Geographic 2021年第08期.pdf

08.2021Gl adi at orsTHE REAL LI FE BEHI ND THE SHI ELD132National Geographic and Hyundai have teamed up to bring you Outside Academyan immersive augmented reality(AR)adventure offering in-depth educational experiences from America s national parks.Visit Yosemite National Park and activate AR hotspots throughout the park on Instagram,or bring the park to you with AR Anywhere.And now,the first-ever TUCSON Plug-in Hybrid takes your sense of discovery further in style,all while keeping in harmony with the environment around you.Reimagining how far your mind will take you,it s your journey in the first-ever TUCSON Plug-in Hybrid.Driving discoveryfurther than ever before.123Unlock the secrets of Yosemite at Yosemite Falls.Learn about the park s wonders from Tunnel View.Tap to place a bighorn sheep in any meadow.Visit Yosemite National Park.Find NatGeo on Instagram.Search for the effects.AU G U ST 20 21THE BIG IDEAThe Dog(et al.)DaysIf we love holidays and we love animals,its no surprise that wed love animal-themed holidays.BY OLIVER WHANGINNOVATORThe Gardening TapirThis animal is key to reviving Brazils wet-lands after wildfires,says conservation ecol-ogist Patr cia Medici.BY ANNIE ROTHA Summer Tripto the ShoreIn landlocked Hungary,an ersatz seashore vacationto Lake Bala-ton,central Europes largest lakeis a tradi-tion for many families.PHOTOGRAPHS BY ZSFIA PLYI P R O O FE X P L O R E15628DECODERSpace HurricaneA vortex of plasma spins up to 31,000 miles above Earth.BY ROBIN GEORGE ANDREWS AND JASON TREAT;ILLUS-TRATION BY MARK GARLICKTOOL KITTidal TechniqueWith simple tools,he sculpts elaborate tow-ers on shifting sands.BY CATHERINE ZUCKERMANPHOTOGRAPH BYREBECCA HALEALSOJapanese Washi PaperA Photographers YouthOn the CoverReady for combat,a heavily armed Thraex gladiator holds up his shield and si ca,a short sword with a curved blade,in the amphitheater at Pompeii.FERNANDO G.BAPTISTAC O N T E N T SALSOParrot,Macaw MummiesShark Species DeclineF U R T H E RF E A T U R E SThe Edge of SurvivalThe delicate balance of life in the Kalahari is at risk from increases in heat and droughts.BY LEONIE JOUBERTPHOTOGRAPHS BY THOMAS P.PESCHAK.P.110ABOVE:Desert dwellers in the Kalahari collaborate to stay alive.Among meerkats(shown),some of lesser rank provide care for the pups of the high-ranking female,while others stand guard to warn of predators.Perfectl y Cl earNew findings tell sci-entists more about the translucent amphibians known as glass frogs.BY ANGELA POSADA-SWAFFORDPHOTOGRAPHS BY JAIME CULEBRAS.P.72Hunger in AmericaIn 2020,1 in 7 people in the U.S.didnt get sufficient food.BY CASSANDRA SPRATLING.P.86Ancient Romes Fight Cl ubReal gladiators werent quite like those in the movies.They were more interested in putting on a good show than in killing each other,and surprisingly,most were fighters by profession.BY ANDREW CURRYPHOTOGRAPHS BY RMI BNALIART BY FERNANDO G.BAPTISTA.P.40A U G U S T|F R O M T H E E D IT O RIdeas That Surprise PeopleB Y S U S A N G O L D B E R G P H O T O G R A P H S B Y R E B E C C A H A L EMEET ONE OF OUR ARTISTSART SUPPLIES,mo d e l s,to o l s,wo r k s in pr o gr e s s:T h is ph o to giv e s o ne gl imps e into th e s tu d io o f S e nio r A r tis t F e r na nd o Ba ptis ta,a t Na t i o n a l Geo g r a ph i c s h e a d qu a r te r s in Wa s h ingto n,D.C.I m wr iting a bo u t F e r na nd o s wo r k no w be ca u s e th e r e s s o mu ch o f it in th is mo nth s is s u e:T h e co v e r a r t f o r “Gl a d-ia to r s:A ncie nt Ro me s F igh t Cl u b.”Eigh t pa ge s o f inf o gr a ph ics s h o wing h o w th e s e wa r r io r s f o u gh t a nd l iv e d.A nd,f o r o u r s to r y o n s o u th e r n A f r ica s Ka l a h a r i,a n e xpl a ine r a bo u t a nima l s a d a pta tio ns to h e a t.A na tiv e o f S pa in,F e r na nd o wa s th e d ir e cto r o f gr a ph ics a t E l C o r r eo in Bil ba o a ne ws pa pe r r e no wne d f o r its v is u a l jo u r na l is mwh e n Na t i o n a l Geo g r a ph i c ca l l e d.“T h e y o ffe r e d me a jo b,a nd I th o u gh t,Wh y no t?”s a ys F e r na nd o,wh o mo v e d to th e Unite d S ta te s a nd jo ine d u s in 2007.His a r t h a s wo n e v e r y k ind o f h o no r mo r e th a n 200 a wa r d s,me d a l s,cita-tio ns,yo u na me itf r o m e v e r y ma jo r gr o u p th a t ju d ge s il l u s tr a tio ns a nd gr a ph ics.He s e v e n be e n no mina te d f o r two Emmys,f o r h is a nima tio n wo r k.Ho w d o e s F e r na nd o cr e a te?Of te n,be f o r e h e s ta r ts to d r a w,h e f a s h io ns a th r e e-d ime ns io na l po l yme r cl a y mo d e l.“T h e mo d e l s h e l p me find th e be s t pe r-s pe ctiv e,”h e s a ys.“I ca n s e e h o w th e l igh t wo r k s.I t ma k e s it mo r e r e a l is tic,a nd yo u ca n ge t th e r igh t po int o f v ie w.”S o me time s h e l l ph o to gr a ph a mo d e l a nd pa int o n th e ph o to with a cr yl ics o r d igita l l y.Oth e r time s h e l l u s e th e mo d-e l s to cr e a te a pe ncil d r a wing,s ca n th e d r a wing into th e