National Geographic 2020年第08期.pdf

08.2020STOPPING PANDEMICSWhat weve learned from historys deadliest outbreaksAU G U ST 2 0 2 0C O N T E N T SF U R T H E RC O R O N A V I R U SDECODERThe Dodos New LookRecent discoveries show that the bird was smarter and sleeker than its unflattering image in lore.BY FERNANDO G.BAPTISTA AND PATRICIA HEALYTOOL KITIn Black and WhiteHe likes the“difficult,slow”work of devel-oping prints from film.BY NINA STROCHLICALSOPorcupine CourtshipA Harrowing Cave Escape 2015PROOFMetropolis on LockdownTo fight COVID-19,New Yorkers stayed in,cut back on travel,and shunned gatherings,leaving a perennially busy city oddly empty.PHOTOGRAPHS BY STEPHEN WILKES6On the CoverPhysician Gerald Foret dons a protective mask before seeing COVID-19 patients at Our Lady of the Angels Hospital in Bogalusa,Louisiana.MAX AGUILERA-HELLWEGTHE BIG IDEAWhen Virtual Life Turns Into Quarantine Isolating from each other in a health crisis is one thing.But what if we get so used to liv-ing virtual lives through our electronic devices that we never want to emerge?A digital native from Generation C(for coronavirus)ponders the question.BY OLIVER WHANGE X P L O R EF E A T U R E SScared All the TimeAs the forest habitats of Ugandas chimpan-zees keep shrinking,the hungry animals reg-ularly resort to taking cropsand sometimes carrying off children.The struggle pits humans needs against chimps needs,in a nation long committed to protecting the apes.BY DAVID QUAMMENPHOTOGRAPHS BY RONAN DONOVAN.P.124Water Everywhere and NowhereIndia,shaped by its rivers,now is facing a water crisis.BY PAUL SALOPEKPHOTOGRAPHS BY JOHN STANMEYER.P.74The Fight to Be Heard How U.S.women got the vote and left a legacy.BY RACHEL HARTIGANPHOTOGRAPHS BY CELESTE SLOMAN;ILLUSTRATIONS BY JOHANNA GOODMAN.P.96Stopping PandemicsNew disease outbreaks such as COVID-19 serve as harsh reminders of how easy it is for us to infect one another.Looking at previous pandemicsand the heroes that fought themcan help us understand important lessons for today.But will we remember what we learned when the danger has passed?BY RICHARD CONNIFF.P.40A U G U S T|C O N T E N T SA team from FIMMGItalys professional association of medical doctorsperforms diagnostic tests in a nursing home in Tolfa,a city north of Rome,where a staff mem-ber was found to be positive for COVID-19.ITS APPARENTLY humankinds fate never to stop writing the history of pandemics.No matter how often they occurand they do occur with great frequencywe collectively refuse to think about them until circumstances demand it.Then,when the immediate crisis passes,we put it out of our minds as quickly as possible.And so we again are unprepared when the next contagionin this case,COVID-19bursts upon us.Richard Conniff traces this alarming cycle in“How Pandemics Change Us,”this months cover story.It examines our long relationship with infectious diseases,from the hard lessons weve been forced to learn to the brave,and often difficult,characters whove risked their lives to save us.Smallpox taught us that we could prevent disease through inoculation and,as the 1700s ended,vaccination.By the mid-1800s,choleras lesson was about sanitation and the need for centralized water and sewer systems.B Y S U S A N G O L D B E R G What We Dont Learn From HistorySTOPPING PANDEMICSA U G U S T|F R O M T H E E D I T O RAbout the same time,one man weve all heard of,Louis Pasteur,and one many of us havent,Robert Koch,became the co-fathers of germ theory.Tools they created are still used to identify and fight what Conniff calls“an astonishing rogues gallery of deadly pathogens.”And yet here we are,again,fighting on two fronts:the first,against a new coronavirus sweeping the planet to devastating effect;the second,with each other,over domestic and inter-national politics and whether were willing to pay the price of prevention.As Conniff puts it:“Will a society that has barely quibbled about spend-ing$13 billion on an aircraft carrier,largely in the service of preventing armed conflict,also accept spending on an even grander scale to prevent epidemic diseases?”Its an important question for our planet.While we debate,the next pan-demic draws nearer.Thank you for reading National Geographic.j PHOTO:MASSIMO BERRUTI,MAPSNormally,lanes would be jammed with traffic around the Lincoln Tunnel,which joins New York and New Jersey.But during the COVID-19 lockdown,this was the view at an evening rush hour in early April 2020.6 N AT I O N A L G EO G RA P H I CViews from a helicopter show starkly how New Yorkers stayed home en masse in hopes of stopping the spread of COVID-19.LOOKING AT THE CRISIS FROM EVERY POSSIBLE ANGLEP H O T O G R A P H S B Y S T E P H E N W I L K E SMETROPOLIS ON LOCKDOWNNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICVOL.238 NO.2C O R O N AV I R U SAUGUST 2020 7C O R O N A V I R U S|P R O O FA virtually deserted Park Avenuenormally filled with a flurry of yellow taxis,motorbike messengers,and pedestriansis a dramatic example of how efforts to arrest the virus have emptied city centers.8 N AT