29个兜兰属物种的表型多样性及亲缘关系研究_范继征.pdf

DOI：10.13430/ki.jpgr.20221104001植物遗传资源学报 2023，24（3）：680-691Journal of Plant Genetic Resources29个兜兰属物种的表型多样性及亲缘关系研究范继征，李秀玲，何荆洲，曾艳华，王丰顺，卜朝阳（广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所，南宁 530007）摘要：兜兰属植物花型奇特、色彩绚丽、观赏期长，极具观赏价值和经济价值。兜兰属的分类存在较大争议。本研究对迁地保存的29个兜兰属物种的27个表型性状进行了多样性分析和相关性分析，并在此基础上分析了29个兜兰属物种的亲缘关系。结果表明，兜兰属植物表型性状多样性十分丰富。17个数量性状的遗传多样性指数（H）变化范围为0.78342.0318，其中遗传多样性指数大于2.0的强变异性状是花自然长度和花自然宽度，遗传多样性指数小于1.0的弱变异性状是着花数；10个质量性状的遗传多样性指数变化范围为0.50981.1241，其中花瓣形态和唇瓣主色多样性指数较高，均超过了1.0，较小的是假雄蕊底部有无凹缺和花药特征。从多样性分析结果可以看出，29个兜兰属物种的表型性状种间差异较大，具有较高的多样性。17个数量性状的变异系数（CV）在18.22%59.09%之间，其中花瓣长/花瓣宽和花葶长变异系数均超50%，说明兜兰种间表型性状的离散程度较大。相关性分析表明不同种各个表型性状关系密切且复杂。主成分分析筛选出5个特征值大于1的主成分，累计贡献率达84.176%，能够反映兜兰表型性状的绝大部分信息，且花部器官的性状和指标对表型多样性影响很大。亲缘关系分析表明，29种兜兰被分为6大类群，与前人其他分类方法结果相似，但也存在一定的差异。关键词：兜兰属；种质资源；表型性状；遗传多样性Studies on the Phenotypic Diversity and the Genetic Relationships of 29 Species of PaphiopedilumFAN Ji-zheng，LI Xiu-ling，HE Jing-zhou，ZENG Yan-hua，WANG Feng-shun，BU Zhao-yang（Flower Research Institute，Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Nanning 530007）Abstract：Paphiopedilum species are known as unique flower shape，gorgeous color，long ornamental period and have great ornamental and economic value.The classification of the genus is controversial.The diversity and correlation analysis of 27 phenotypic traits were carried out by investigating 29 species of Paphiopedilum，and cluster analysis was carried out based on the principal components of phenotypic traits.The results showed that the phenotypic traits of Paphiopedilum were rich in diversity.The variation range of genetic diversity index（H）of 17 quantitative characters was 0.7834-2.0318.Among them，the strong variation characters with genetic diversity index greater than 2.0 were flower length and flower width，the weak variation character with genetic diversity index less than 1.0 was flower number，and the variation range of genetic diversity index of 10 quality characters was 0.5098-1.1241.The diversity indexes of petal shape and Lip main color were the highest，both exceeding 1.0，and the smallest were staminode bottom concave and anther type，from the results of diversity analysis，it can be seen that 29 species of Paphiopedilum have large differences in phenotypic traits among species，with rich diversity.The coefficients of variation（CV）of 17 quantitative traits ranged 18.22%-59.09%，the petal length/petal width and peduncle length exceeded 50%，the results showed that the interspecific 收稿日期：2022-11-04 修回日期：2022-12-02 网络出版日期：2022-12-28URL：https：/doi.org/10.13430/ki.jpgr.20221104001第一作者研究方向为兰科植物种质保护与新品种选育，E-mail：jizheng_通信作者：李秀玲，研究方向为兰科植物种质保护与遗传育种，E-mail：卜朝阳，研究方向为兰科植物遗传育种，E-mail：基金项目：广西自然科学基金项目（2020GXNSFBA297136）；广西农业科学院项目（桂农科2021YT131，桂农科2021JM28，桂农科JZ202013，桂农科2021JM116）Foundation projects：Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Project（2020GXNSFBA297136）；Projects of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences（Guinongke2021YT131，Guinongke2021JM28，GuinongkeJZ202013，Guinongke2021JM116）3 期范继征等：29个兜兰属物种的表型多样性及亲缘关系研究phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum palustratum were dispersed greatly.Correlation analysis showed that the phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum were closely related and complex.Five principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were selected by principal component analysis，and the cumulative contribution rate was 84.176%，which could reflect most of the information of the phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum，and the characters and indexes of flower organs had a great impact on the phenotypic diversity.Cluster analysis showed that 29 species of Paphiopedilum were divided into 6 groups，which was similar to other classification methods，but there were also some differences.Key words：Paphiopedilum；germplasm resources；phenotypic traits；genetic diversity兜兰（Paphiopedilum Pfitzer）又称拖鞋兰、仙履兰等，是兰科（Orchidaceae）杓兰亚科兜兰属植物的总称，其花形奇特、色彩艳丽、开花持久，在形态、大小、颜色和质地上表现出丰富的多样性1-2。全属约有109个种，主要分布于亚洲热带地区至太平洋岛屿1，3。我国野生兜兰资源丰富，但由于过度采挖和生境的破坏，多数种类已濒临灭绝，兜兰属所有物种均被列入 濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约（CITES，The Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species）附录I而被禁止交易。我国兜兰属所有种已列入国家重点保护植物名录，除带叶兜兰和硬叶兜兰属于二级保护物种以外，其余均属于一级保护物种。由于兜兰属植物极富变异性，并且经过不同地域间的相互引种栽培种植，使兜兰种质资源表型性状产生较大差异，给兜兰属物种的鉴定和分类带来一定的困难。种质资源是物种基因改良和新品种选育的基础，表型性状的鉴定和描述是研究种质资源最基本、最直接的方法和途径4-7，表型研究已在粮食作物8-10、蔬菜11-12、水果13-14、花卉林木15-16等不同植物种质研究中广泛应用，也有通过表型性状对春兰、寒兰、文心兰17-19等兰科花卉进行遗传多样性分析的报道。对兜兰属的遗传多样性分析大多采用分子标记、核型分析以及叶片表皮微观特征等方法进行分类研究20-26，或者针对某一特定种在不同分布居群的表型多样性进行分析27-29，基于表型性状对兜兰属多个种进行种间遗传多样性和亲缘关系等方面的研究尚未见报道。本研究以迁地保存的29个兜兰属物种为试验材料，针对27个表型性状进行表型遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究，以期为兜兰属植物种质资源分类、鉴定、亲缘关系分析和新品种选育提供参考。1材料与方法1.1试验材料迁地保存的29种兜兰种质资源均保存在广西农业科学院花卉研究所兰科植物种质资源圃（10822E，2248N，海拔 73 m），保存时间均超过 3 年。种质资源信息见表1，部分种质花朵形态见图1。表1不同种兜兰种质名称及来源Table 1The name and geographical origin of the different species of Paphiopedilum序号Code123456789101112131415种名Name of variety麻栗坡兜兰浅斑兜兰美花兜兰硬叶兜兰德氏兜兰杏黄兜兰白花兜兰香花兜兰同色兜兰文山兜兰巨瓣兜兰带叶兜兰红旗兜兰小叶兜兰陈莲兜兰学名Scientific nameP.malipoenseP.malipoense var.jackiiP.fanaticumP.micranthumP.delenatiiP.armeniacumP.emersoniiP.hangianumP.concolorP.wenshanenseP.bellatulumP.hirsutissimumP.charlesworthiiP.barbigerumP.tranlienianum来源地