Science 2016-01-29.pdf

29 JANUARY 2016 VOL 351 ISSUE 6272 42329 JANUARY 2016 VOLUME 351 ISSUE 6272CONTENTSPHOTO:(BOTTOM LEFT)LONNIE G.THOMPSON446Supergenes in birdsNEWSIN BRIEF428 News at a glanceIN DEPTH 430 CAN GERMANY ENGINEER A COAL EXIT?Debate grows over whether nation could eliminate a key but dirty fuel by 2040 By C.Schrader431 RARE ISOTOPES OFFER CLUES TO THE CHEMISTRY OF THE PLANET New lab tools bring exotic isotopic signatures into view By E.Hand433 A FISH BACK FROM THE DEADUnderstanding how killifish survive months without oxygen could help stroke victims By E.Pennisi434 RESEARCHERS CLAIM TO FIND HIV SANCTUARIESThe most powerful antiretrovirals may not reach virus lurking in some tissues By J.Cohen435 CALCULUS PRECURSOR UNCOVERED IN ANCIENT BABYLONMath whizzes left precocious geometric calculations on clay tablets by 50 B.C.E.By R.Cowen REPORT P.482FEATURES 436 TIBETS PRIMEVAL ICEThe quest for the worlds oldest ice could yield a Rosetta Stone for how Asia responds to a changing climate By J.Qiu440 A CANCER LEGACYOnce viewed as tragic anomalies,many childhood cancers may have their roots in inherited mutations By J.Couzin-FrankelINSIGHTSBOOKS ET AL.444 CITY OF THORNSBy B.Rawlence,reviewed by M.HyniePERSPECTIVES 446 AVIAN SUPERGENESGenetic data reveal how two complex bird mating systems evolved By S.Taylor and L.Campagna448 HOW ECOSYSTEMS CHANGEConservation planning must accommodate changes in ecosystem composition to protect biodiversity By A.E.Magurran450 HOW CAN HIGHER-YIELD FARMINGHELP TO SPARE NATURE?Mechanisms to link yield increases with conservation By B.Phalan et al.452 PRESCRIPTION DRUGS OBSCUREMICROBIOME ANALYSESPatient populations should be stratified for medications when looking for gut microbial signatures of disease By S.Devkota453 TRACKING THE ORIGINS OF TUMORIGENESISA zebrafish model allows visualization of embryonic reprogramming during melanoma initiation By S.Boumahdi and C.Blanpain RESEARCH ARTICLE P.464LETTERS 456 A NECROGENOMIC REGISTRYS POTENTIALBy P.L.Hedley and M.Christiansen456 TROPICAL DAMS:TO BUILD OR NOT TO BUILD?By P.M.Fearnside457 TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS457 ONLINE BUZZ:TENURES TENUREDEPARTMENTS427 EDITORIAL Global science engagement By Geraldine Richmond530 WORKING LIFEBattling the bureaucracy hydra By Jrgen Johansson436444SCIENCE sciencemag.orgPublished by AAASon January 31,2016Downloaded from on January 31,2016Downloaded from 29 JANUARY 2016 VOL 351 ISSUE 6272 425SCIENCE sciencemag.orgCONTENTS453&464Turning normal cells into cancer cells29 JANUARY 2016 VOLUME 351 ISSUE 6272RESEARCHIN BRIEF 461 From Science and other journalsRESEARCH ARTICLES 464 MELANOMA INITIATIONA zebrafish melanoma model reveals emergence of neural crest identity during melanoma initiation C.K.Kaufman et al.RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY;FOR FULL TEXT:dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad2197 PERSPECTIVE P.453465 STRESS RESPONSETranslation from the 5 untranslated region shapes the integrated stress response S.R.Starck et al.RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY;FOR FULL TEXT:dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3867466 STRUCTURAL BIOLOGYThe 3.8 structure of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP:Insights into spliceosome assembly and catalysis R.Wan et al.REPO RTS475 SURFACE SCIENCEActivation of Cu(111)surface by decomposition into nanoclusters driven by CO adsorption B.Eren et al.478 OCEANOGRAPHYEnhanced East Pacific Rise hydrothermal activity during the last two glacial terminations D.C.Lund et al.482 HISTORY OF SCIENCEAncient Babylonian astronomers calculated Jupiters position from the area under a time-velocity graph M.Ossendrijver NEWS STORY P.435;PODCAST;VIDEO485 SUPERCONDUCTIVITYEmergence of superconductivity in the canonical heavy-electron metal YbRh2Si2 E.Schuberth et al.488 GEOPHYSICSPeriodic slow slip triggers megathrust zone earthquakes in northeastern Japan N.Uchida et al.493 LUNAR FORMATIONOxygen isotopic evidence for vigorous mixing during the Moon-forming giant impact E.D.Young et al.497 POLYMERSSimultaneous covalent and noncovalent hybrid polymerizations Z.Yu et al.503 CYSTIC FIBROSISAirway acidification initiates host defense abnormalities in cystic fibrosis mice V.S.Shah et al.507 BIOCHEMISTRYAn unprecedented mechanism of nucleotide methylation in organisms containing thyX T.V.Mishanina et al.511 IMMUNOLOGYMost microbe-specific nave CD4+T cells produce memory cells during infection N.J.Tubo et al.514 SEX CHROMOSOMETwo genes substitute for the mouse Y chromosome for spermatogenesis and reproduction Y.Yamauchi et al.ON THE COVERReplica of a Babylonian tablet(circa 350150 BCE),which describes the motion of Jupiter(upper left).The tablet is part of the first known use of geometric methods in Babylonian mathematical astronomy,which was previously thought to operate exclusively with arithmetical concepts.See pages 435 and 482.Photo:David Sharpe;Tablet:The Trustees of the British Museum All Rights Reserved;Starfield:Babak Tafreshi/Corbis All Rights ReservedSCIENCE(ISSN 0036-8075)is published weekly on Friday,except the last week in December,by the Am