Precalculus-Openstax.pdf

iPrecalculussenior contributing authorJay abramson,arizona state UniversityiiReviewers Nina Alketa,Cecil College Kiran Bhutani,Catholic University of America Brandie Biddy,Cecil College Lisa Blank,Lyme Central School Bryan Blount,Kentucky Wesleyan College Jessica Bolz,The Bryn Mawr School Sheri Boyd,Rollins College Sarah Brewer,Alabama School of Math and Science Charles Buckley,St.Gregorys University Michael Cohen,Hofstra University Kenneth Crane,Texarkana College Rachel Cywinski,Alamo Colleges Nathan Czuba Srabasti Dutta,Ashford University Kristy Erickson,Cecil College Nicole Fernandez,Georgetown University/Kent State University David French,Tidewater Community College Douglas Furman,SUNY Ulster Lance Hemlow,Raritan Valley Community College Erinn Izzo,Nicaragua Christian Academy John Jaffe Jerry Jared,Blue Ridge School Stan Kopec,Mount Wachusett Community College Kathy Kovacs Cynthia Landrigan,Erie Community College Sara Lenhart,Christopher Newport University Wendy Lightheart,Lane Community College Joanne Manville,Bunker Hill Community College Karla McCavit,Albion College Cynthia McGinnis,Northwest Florida State College Lana Neal,University of Texas at Austin Rhonda Porter,Albany State University Steven Purtee,Valencia College William Radulovich,Florida State College Jacksonville Alice Ramos,Bethel College Nick Reynolds,Montgomery Community College Amanda Ross,A.A.Ross Consulting and Research,LLC Erica Rutter,Arizona State University Sutandra Sarkar,Georgia State University Willy Schild,Wentworth Institute of Technology Todd Stephen,Cleveland State University Scott Sykes,University of West Georgia Linda Tansil,Southeast Missouri State University John Thomas,College of Lake County Diane Valade,Piedmont Virginia Community College Allen Wolmer,Atlanta Jewish AcademyAbout Our TeamSenior Contributing AuthorJay Abramson has been teaching Precalculus for 33 years,the last 14 at Arizona State University,where he is a principal lecturer in the School of Mathematics and Statistics.His accomplishments at ASU include co-developing the universitys first hybrid and online math courses as well as an extensive library of video lectures and tutorials.In addition,he has served as a contributing author for two of Pearson Educations math programs,NovaNet Precalculus and Trigonometry.Prior to coming to ASU,Jay taught at Texas State Technical College and Amarillo College.He received Teacher of the Year awards at both institutions.Contributing Authors Valeree Falduto,Palm Beach State College Rachael Gross,Towson University David Lippman,Pierce College Melonie Rasmussen,Pierce College Rick Norwood,East Tennessee State University Nicholas Belloit,Florida State College Jacksonville Jean-Marie Magnier,Springfield Technical Community College Harold Whipple Christina FernandezOpenStaxRice University6100 Main Street MS-375Houston,Texas 77005To learn more about OpenStax,visit https:/openstax.org.Individual print copies and bulk orders can be purchased through our website.2017 Rice University.Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Under this license,any user of this textbook or the textbook contents herein must provide proper attribution as follows:-If you redistribute this textbook in a digital format(including but not limitedto EPUB,PDF,and HTML),then you must retain on every page the followingattribution:“Download for free at https:/openstax.org/details/books/precal-culus.”-If you redistribute this textbook in a print format,then you must include onevery physical page the following attribution:“Download for free at https:/openstax.org/details/books/precalculus.”-If you redistribute part of this textbook,then you must retain in every digitalformat page view(including but not limited to EPUB,PDF,and HTML)and onevery physical printed page the following attribution:“Download for free athttps:/openstax.org/details/books/precalculus.”-If you use this textbook as a bibliographic reference,please include https:/openstax.org/details/books/precalculus.For questions regarding this licensing,please contact supportopenstax.org.The OpenStax name,OpenStax logo,OpenStax book covers,OpenStax CNX name,OpenStax CNX logo,OpenStax Tutor name,Openstax Tutor logo,Con-nexions name,Connexions logo,Rice University name,and Rice University logo are not subject to the license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.PRINT ISBN-10 1-938168-34-8 PRINT ISBN-13 978-1-938168-34-5 PDF ISBN-10 1-947172-06-9PDF ISBN-13 978-1-947172-06-7Revision PR-2015-002(03/17)-BWOriginal Publication Year:2014iiiOpenStaxOpenStax provides free,peer-reviewed,openly licensed textbooks for introductory college and Advanced Placement courses and low-cost,personalized courseware that helps students learn.A nonprofit ed tech initiative based at Rice University,were committed to helping students access the tools they need to complete their courses and meet their educatio