National Geographic 2019年第04期.pdf

IDEAS FOR A BRIGHTER FUTUREISSUESPECIALCITIESDESIGNING SOLUTIONSA TEMPORARY REFUGE BECOMES HOMEWALKING THROUGH A MEGALOPOLISRATSTHEYLL ALWAYS BE WITH US04.2019Strategic Investing takes us beyond the numbers.Thats why over 350 of our experts go out in the fi eld to examine investment opportunities fi rsthand;like mobile payment adoption in new markets around the world.Our rigorous approach helps us select and manage investments for our funds.Put our strategic investing approach to work for you the investment objectives,risks,and charges and expenses carefully before investing.For a prospectus or,if available,a summary prospectus containing this and other information,call 1-877-804-2315.Read it carefully.All funds are subject to market risk,including possible loss of principal.T.Rowe Price Investments Services,Inc.Distributor.Your investments deserve the full story.Numbers tell only half the story.A P R IL 20 1 9C O N T E N T SF U R T H E R20S P E C IA L IS S U E:C IT IE S178On the Cover Compl eted in 1932,Sydney Harbor Bridge l eads the way into the gl ittering modern downtown of Austral ias l argest city.VI NCENT LAFORETTHE BIG IDEATo Live Together,We Must Make Compromises Urban l if e inevitabl y invol ves trade-of f s.We may reap huge benef its in return f or suf f ering enormous disadvan-tages when we choose between issues such as individual f reedom and community interests,and between social ties and anonymity.BY JARED DIAMONDDouble VisionEight seconds is al l it takes to create astounding images that capture the energy of the worl ds most vibrant cities f rom more than one angl e.PHOTOGRAPHS BY NICOLAS RUELINFOGRAPHICCities of the FutureWhat shoul d cities be l ike in 2050 when an estimated 6.7 bil l ion peopl e l ive in them?We asked the architec-tural and city pl anning f irm SOM to imagine those urban centers;the group created a vision based on 10 principl es.Among them:putting ecol ogy f irst;buil ding an econ-omy that supports the best use of resources;and promoting cul ture and l ivabil ity.ALSOSmart(Kansas)CitySkiing Copenhagen Robots and DronesF E A T U R E SWalking TokyoTokyo is the worl ds most popul ous metropol is.Its al so one of the weal thiest,saf est,cl eanest,and most creativedespite being partl y destroyed and rebooted twice in the past hundred years.The best way to under-stand this modern megacity is on f oot.BY NEIL SHEAPHOTOGRAPHS BY DAVID GUTTENFELDER.P.38Rethinking CommunitiesWhat if cities coul d be buil t to benef it the environment,residents f itness,and social connection?City pl anners f oresee dense,wal kabl e,mixed-use communities l inked by transit systems,curb-ing rel iance on cars and hel ping cl ear the air.BY ROBERT KUNZIGPHOTOGRAPHS BY ANDREW MOORE.P.70A City RisesCan Af ricas l argest ref ugee settl ement grow into an urban hub?BY NINA STROCHLICPHOTOGRAPHS BY NORA LOREK.P.102 I n Our ShadowWherever there are peopl e there are rats,thriving on our trash.BY EMMA MARRISPHOTOS BY CHARLIE HAMILTON JAMES.P.126A P R IL|C O N T E N T SSEE THE CAT SHE WAS BORN TO BEThe natural nutrition she was born to eat with Real Chicken or Ocean Whitefish as the#1 ingredient.Tender morsels,crunchy bites and grain free.Learn more at owned by Socit des Produits Nestl S.A.,Vevey,Switzerland.Purina ONE True InstinctA P R IL|W H A T S C O M I N GNATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC(ISSN 0027-9358)PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PARTNERS,LLC,1145 17TH ST.NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20036.$39 PER YEAR FOR U.S.DELIVERY,$44.00 TO CANADA,$51.00 TO INTERNATIONAL ADDRESSES.SINGLE ISSUE:$7.00 U.S.DELIVERY,$10.00 CANADA,$15.00 INTERNATIONAL.(ALL PRICES IN U.S.FUNDS;INCLUDES SHIPPING AND HANDLING.)PE-RIODICALS POSTAGE PAID AT WASHINGTON,DC,AND ADDITIONAL MAILING OFFICES.POSTMASTER:SEND ADDRESS CHANGES TO NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC,PO BOX 37545,BOONE,IA 50037.IN CANADA,AGREEMENT NUMBER 1000010298,RETURN UNDELIVERABLE ADDRESSES TO NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC,PO BOX 819 STN MAIN,MARKHAM,ONTARIO L3P 9Z9.UNITED KINGDOM NEWSSTAND PRICE 5.99.REPR.EN FRANCE:EMD FRANCE SA,BP 1029,59011 LILLE CEDEX;TEL.320.300.302;CPPAP 0720U89037;DIRECTEUR PUBLICATION:D.TASSINARI.DIR.RESP.ITALY:RAPP IMD SRL,VIA G.DA VE-LATE 11,20162 MILANO;AUT.TRIB.MI 258 26/5/84 POSTE ITALIANE SPA;SPED.ABB.POST.DL 353/2003(CONV L.27/02/2004 N.46)ART 1 C.1 DCB MILANO STAMPA.QUAD/GRAPHICS,MARTINSBURG,WV 25401.SUBSCRIBERS:IF THE POSTAL SERVICE ALERTS US THAT YOUR MAGAZINE IS UNDELIVERABLE,WE HAVE NO FURTHER OBLIGATION UNLESS WE RECEIVE A CORRECTED ADDRESS WITHIN TWO YEARS.Contributions to the National Geographic Society are tax de-ductibl e under Section 501(c)(3)of the U.S.tax code.|Copyright 2019 National Geographic Partners,LLC|Al l rights reserved.National Geographic and Yel l ow Border:Registered Trademarks Marcas Registradas.National Geographic assumes no respon-sibil ity f or unsol icited material s.Printed in U.S.A.Subscriptions For subscriptions or changes of address,contact Customer Service at ngmser vi or cal l 1-800-647-5463.Outside the U.S.or Canada cal l +1-515-237-3