National Geographic 2015年第03期.pdf

MARCH 2015Syrian Refugees:Flight Into the Unknown E V O L U T I O N N E V E R H A P P E N E DTHE WARON SCIENCET H E M O O N L A N D I N G W A S F A K EV A C C I N A T I O N S C A N L E A D T O A U T I S MG E N E T I C A L L Y M O D I F I E D F O O D I S E V I LC L I M A T E C H A N G E D O E S N O T E X I S TA WORKER ADJUSTS A DIORAMA OF A MOON LANDING AT THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTERMARCH 2015 VOL.227 NO.3A 12-year-old Syrian girl holds her weeks-old sister amid the tents of a camp in Nizip,Turkey,that is home to some 11,000 refugees.OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIET YFleeing Terror,Finding RefugeDuring his Out of Eden Walk,the author encounters“a vast panorama of mass homelessness”throngs of desperate refugees escaping war-torn Syria.By Paul Salopek Photographs by John Stanmeyer4830 The Age of DisbeliefIts a phenomenon as old as Galileo.Scientists state truths and offer evidence,yet many of us remain unconvinced.By Joel Achenbach Photographs by Richard Barnes72 Luminous LifeMore than four-fifths of Earths organisms known to make light live in the ocean.Their glowing existence has perks and pitfalls.By Olivia Judson Photographs by David Liittschwager 88 Two Cities,Two EuropesThe euro crisis cast two world capitals in opposing rolesBerlin the lender,Athens the borrowerwith each resenting the other.By Adam Nicolson Photographs by Gerd Ludwig and Alex Majoli 122 Proof|End of the Earth One man embraces the“polished white emptiness”of the Greenland ice sheet.By Murray FredericksOn the Cover U.S.moon landings:real,or fabricated like this exhibit at Floridas Kennedy Space Center?Whether astronauts walked on the moon is one topic among science doubters.Photograph by Richard BarnesCorrections and Clarifications Go to STANMEYERThe Refugees VoiceA Syrian family find shelter at an abandoned gas station in Suru,Turkey.They fled Islamic State militants.Botol lives in anlurfa,a dusty town in southern Turkey that is the reputed birthplace of Abraham.Urfa,as it is known,had been famed for drawing thousands of religious pilgrims to the cave where the prophet was suppos-edly born.Now the town is filled with 150,000 people who,like Botol,are seeking salvation of a different sort.Botol is from Syria.Her husband fought against the Bashar al Assad regime in that countrys ongoing civil war.More than a year ago he disap-peared.Maybe the government arrested him,she says.Maybe it was the Islamic State(IS)militants.She believes he is dead.She fears for her children back home,especially her eldest son,19.“They are cutting heads in the streets,”she said recently,through a translator.This is why Botol and about a million and a half other Syr-ian refugees have scattered across Turkey,fleeing the horrors of a bloody war and IS terrorists.As I write this,more people surge across the border every day and are crammed into refugee camps and Turkish cities,where their growing numbers cause resent-ment and unease among locals.“There is no Syria anymore,”Botol said.“No husband,no house.”She will stay here.“Safety and security are most important.”She shares three spot-less rooms with 15 other Syrian refugees,seven of them children.There is no furniture.Mattresses and rugs serve as seats.The kitchen consists of a sink,a hot plate,and a large electric pan to make flatbread.We retreated there to talk because Botol,out of modesty,would not speak in front of my colleague,Paul Salopek.Paul is on a seven-year journey on foot.He literally walked smack into this humanitarian crisis.Turkey has been so flooded by Syrian refugees that he and photographer John Stanmeyer stopped to chronicle the diaspora for this issue.Botol wont talk to Paul,but the other women in the houseAklas,Reem,and Hellawill.Their words spill out in a chaos of conflicting emotions,unimaginable losses,and palpable relief.Botol speaks for them all.“Thank God I am here,”she said.“Syria is not a good place anymore.But this is an unbearable life.Very difficult.Very hard.And it wont get better,because once you lose something,you cant get it back.There were 51 million forcibly displaced people around the world in 2013,a UN report saysthe largest number since the end of World War II.They are,like Botol,refugees of conflict.It is important that we hear their stories.Susan Goldberg,Editor in Chief Syrian RefugeesFROM THE EDITORnational geographic March 2015The National Geographic Society is a global nonprofit membership organization.We inspire through exploration,illuminate through stories,and,always,teach.chief content officer Chris Johns editor in chief Susan Goldbergmanaging editor:David Brindley.executive editor environment:Dennis R.Dimick.director of photography:Sarah Leen.executive editor news and features:David Lindsey.executive editor special projects:Bill Marr.executive editor science:Jamie Shreeve.executive editor cartography,art and graphics:Kaitlin M.Yarnall news/features digital news director:Dan Gilgoff.short-form director:Margaret G.Zackowitz.editors:Patricia Edmonds,Er