National Geographic 2014年第06期.pdf

JUNE 2014FARMING A BETTER FISH|PERUS LONG-LOST TOMBHERO DOGSA SOLDIERS BEST FRIENDLayka saved lives of U.S.troops in Afghanistan after she was shot and gravely wounded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he riverbed is full of explosivesbut where s the next?June 4OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIET Y How to Farm a Better Fish We now eat more farmed fish than beefand thats just the beginning.By Joel K.Bourne,Jr.Photographs by Brian Skerry Good Tines:A pointed history of the forkTrain for the ForgottenFor Siberias isolated villagers,the doctor is in the railway car.By Joshua Yaffa Photographs by William DanielsDogs of WarOn the worlds battlefields,combat canines and their handlers lead the way.By Michael Paterniti Photographs by Adam FergusonUntouchedIn Peru a Polish archaeologist has outsmarted looters and unearthed an Andean treasure.By Heather Pringle Photographs by Robert ClarkPuffin TherapyThe clown-faced seabird is a sight to soothe a bird-watchers soul.By Tom O Neill Photographs by Danny Green9211211426 5478 The Atlantic puffin ventures onto land for only one reason.DANNY GREENpage 39Redheads It isnt easy being red.In fact it can be downright painful.Foodborne DiseaseWash your handsand watch out for bean sprouts.Water and Wings Aeronautical engineers are taking a lesson from butterflies.Addictive CheeseTheres a reason Gouda makes you feel so good.The Fight for Bullfighting Can special cultural status save this Spanish tradition?Penguin PatternModels of their huddles could someday solve our traffic problems.Tearless Onions Scientists promise all of the flavor and none of the crying.17 134135468 14 Editors NoteLettersVISIONSNG ConnectThe MomentFoundOn the Cover Layka,a Belgian Malinois,won a medal for heroism after saving the lives of her handler and members of his U.S.special operations unit in Afghanistan.Photograph by Martin SchoellerYour ShotPHOTO:NGM VIDEO.ART:FER-NANDO G.BAPTISTA,NGM STAFF DIGITAL EDITIONSJune 4NEXTContributions to the National Geographic Society are tax deductible under Section 501(c)(3)of the U.S.tax code.Copyright 2014 National Geographic Society All rights reserved.National Geographic and Yellow Border:Registered Trademarks Marcas Registradas.National Geographic assumes no responsibility for unsolicited materials.Printed in U.S.A.Subscriptions For subscriptions,gift memberships,or changes of address,contact Customer Service at or call 1-800-NGS-LINE(647-5463).Outside the U.S.and Canada please call+1-813-979-6845.Please recycle.PRINTED ON 100%PEFC-CERTIFIED PAPERWar Dogs VideoSee canine companions from Vietnam to Afghanistan.Peru TombsInteractiveWatch a 3-D video showing reconstruction of the tomb.National Geographic is available on the iPad,the Kindle Fire,and the iPhone.2014 Bayer HealthCare LLC,Animal Health Division,Shawnee Mission,Kansas 66201 Bayer(reg d),the Bayer Cross(reg d),K9 Advantix and for the love of dog are trademarks of Bayer.K141169 TO YOU,HE S MORETHAN JUSTA PET.So protect your furry friend with K9 Advantix II.Its broad-spectrum protection kills fleas,ticks and mosquitoes too.K9 Advantix II is for use on dogs only.EDITORS NOTEPHOTO:MARTIN SCHOELLERMans Blessed FriendLayka,a Belgian Malinois,was adopted by Staff Sgt.Julian McDonald after she saved his life.Layka,the dog pictured on our cover and here,was two when she was sent to help clear an enemy compound in Afghanistan.During her search she was shot by enemy forces and took four rounds from an AK-47 at point-blank range.Despite her injuries,she attacked and subdued the shooter,protecting her handler,Staff Sgt.Julian McDonald,and other members of the team.It took seven hours of surgery,including the amputation of a limb,to save her.In 2012 Layka was presented with a medal of heroism and adopted by McDonald,who now trains dogs and their handlers at Fort Benning,Georgia.Our cover story,“The Dogs of War,”is about a special bond.Dogs have been our best friends for at least 14,000 years.The relationship is in our genes and theirs.When it comes to the dogs of war,the stakes couldnt be higher.The penalty for a misstep by either partner can be injury or death.The U.S.military deploys more than 500 dogs worldwide at any given time.Each year a few are killed in action.When Layka bounded out of the van that delivered her to Sergeant McDonalds homea special brace allows her to run as if shed never lost a legshe instantly recognized him,even though theyd been together only a mont