ISO_IEC_14772-1_1997.pdf

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOAEC 147724 First edition 1997-12-15 Information technology-Computer graphics and image processing-The Virtual Reality Modeling Language-Part 1:Functional specification and UTF-8 encoding Technologies de I informa tion-Infographie et traitement de l image-Le langage de mod6lisation de rGalit6 virtuelle-Partie 1:Spkification fonctionnelle et codage UTF-8 Reference number ISO/1 EC 14772-1:1997(E)ISO/lEC 14772-1:1997(E)oreword OiFsreword ISO(the International Organization for Standardization)and IEC(the International Electrotechnical Commission)form a specialized System for worldwide standardization.National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical comm ittees established by the respective organization to deal with particular Gelds sf technical activity.ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in Felds of mutual interest.Other international organizations,govemmental and non-governmental,in liaison with ISO and IEC,also take part in the work.See http:/www.iso.ch for information on ISO and http:/www.i e c.c h for information on IEC.In the Geld of information technology,ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,ISO/IEC JTC P.Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75%of the national bodies casting a vote.See http:/www.iso.ch/meme/JTCl.html forinformationonJTC1.International Standard ISO/IEC 14772 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1,In$Srmation technoloa1,Subcommittee 24,Computer graphics and image processing,in collaboration with The VRML Consortium,Inc.(ht-tp:/www.vrml.arg)and the VRML moderated email list(www-vrmlvrml.orq).-ISO/IEC 14 772 consists of the following gart,under the general title lnformation technology-Computer graphics and image processing-The Virtual Reality Modeling Langzdage:Part 1:Functionab specljkation and LTF-8 encoding.Further Parts will follow.Annexes A to C form an integral part sf this gart of ISO/IEC 14772.Annexes D to F are for information only.This part of ISO/IEC 14472 is distributed as both a hard copy edition and an HTME file which is on the attached CD-ROM.The Paper and the electronie Versions contain the same material.However,the structure and presentation are more relevant to the document as viewed On-Screen.Please note that the electronie file must be viewed using a recent version of a web browser.0 ISO/IEC 1997 All rights reserved.Unless otherwise specified,no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronie or mechanical,including photocopying and micro-film,without permission in writing from the publisher.ISO/IEC Copyright Office l Case postale 56 l CH-121 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland 0 ISO/IEC Introduction ISO/IEC 14772=1:1997(E)4,“dafqgf#Jiv J-ps”*P urpose The Virtual Reality Modeling Language(VRML)is a file format for describing interactive 3D objects and worlds.VRML is designed to be used on the Internet,intranets,and local client Systems.VRML is also intended to be a universal interchange format for integrated 3D graphics and multimedia.VRML may be used in a variety of application areas such as engineering and scientific visualization,multimedia presentations,entertainment and educational titles,web pages,and shared virtual worlds.gD esign Criteria VRML has been designed to fulfill the following requirements:Authorability Enable the development of Computer programs capable of creating,editing,and maintaining VRML files,as well as automatic translation programs for converting other commonly used 3D file formats into VRML files.Composability Provide the ability to use and combine dynamic 3D objects within a VRML world and thus allow re-usability.Extensibility Provide the ability to add new Object types not explicitly defined in VRML.Be capable of implementation Capable of implementation on a wide range of Systems.Performance Emphasize scalable,interactive Performance on a wide variety of computing platforms.Scalability Enable arbitrarily large dynamic 3D worlds.*Characteristics of VRML VRML is capable of representing static and animated dynamic 3D and multimedia objects with hyperlinks to other media such as text,Sounds,movies,and images.VRML browsers,as well as authoring tools for the creation of VRML files,are widely available for many different platforms.VRML supports an extensibility model that allows new dynamic 3D objects to be defined.111 ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997(E)0 ISO/IEC allowing application communities to develop interoperable extensions to the base Standard.There are mappings between VRML objects and commonly used 3D application programmer interface(API)features.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD o ISOAEC ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997(E)Information technology-Computer graphics and image processing-The Virtual Reality Modeling Language-Part