National Geographic 2017年第09期.pdf

SEPTEMBER 2017E X P LO R E:YO U R H E A LT HFOODS TO FAVOR|PROSTHETIC HANDS THAT FEEL|WHY EMOTIONS MATTERT H E SC IE N C E O F ADDICTIONHow new discoveries about the brain can help us kick the habitSEPTEMBER 2017 VOL.232 NO.3 OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY82A TINY COUNTRY FEEDS THE WORLDFEATURESI?CONTENTSFRONT3 QUESTIONS Former U.S.surgeon general Vivek Murthy on why emotions matterVISIONSEXPLORE Health:lip prints,robotic?the most studied foodsThe Netherlands has become an agricultural giant,producing abundant?By Frank Viviano Photographs by Luca LocatelliOn the Cover In this drawing of a brain,the burst of light looks like how a surge of dopamine might feel.A chemical neuro-transmitter that carries signals across synapses,dopamine plays a key role in addiction by boosting desire for the addictive substance or behavior.Illustration by Daniel Hertzberg?Go to ADDICTED BRAIN?craving that fuels self-defeating habits.By Fran Smith Photographs by Max Aguilera-Hellweg56|STEWARDS OF THE SEABaja California communities are preserv-?By Erik Vance Photographs by Thomas P.Peschak76|WHEN COOKING KILLSThe health and environ-mental costs of cooking?By Michelle Nijhuis Photographs by Lynn Johnson110|THE GORILLAS DIAN FOSSEY SAVED Today the great apes face new challenges.By Elizabeth Royte Photographs by Ronan Donovan128|BORDERLANDS Walls and fences already separate parts of the U.S.and Mexicoand divide public opinion.Story and Photographs by Richard MisrachELSEWHEREPHOTO:JOSHUA CHENG,NHNZ?Subscriptions For subscriptions or changes of address,contact Customer Service at or call 1-800-647-5463.Outside the U.S.or Canada call+1-813-979-6845.We occasionally make our subscriber names available to companies whose products or services might be of interest to you.If you prefer not to be included,you may request that your name be removed from promotion lists by calling 1-800-NGS-LINE(647-5463).To opt out of future direct mail from other organizations,visit DMAchoice.org,or mail a request to:?Contributions to the National Geographic Society are tax deductible?National Geographic Partners,LLC|All rights reserved.National?Registradas.National Geographic assumes no responsibility for unsolicited materials.Printed in U.S.A.BOOKSHOW WONDER DRUGS CHANGED CHICKENChicken is a staple of diets worldwide,yet many con-sumers know little about the use of antibiotics in poultry production.Journalist Maryn?these drugs play in industrial farming in Big Chicken,avail-able at and wherever books are sold.BOOKSSTUNNING MAPS,IMAGES FILL ATLASReimagined and updated,National Geographics Visual Atlas of the World,2nd Edition,is 416 pages of breathtaking photogra-phy and state-of-the-art cartography.The atlas goes on sale September 19 at and wherever books are sold.NAT GEO WILDWALK ON CHINA S WILD SIDE?ecosystems exist in two regions of China.The high-altitude Tibet Autonomous Region is populated by animals that can tolerate thin air,like?region is a subtropical paradise,home to the only elephants in the nation,including this baby Asian?Explore both regions in the two-part series Chinas Wild Side,airing Septem-ber 1 and September 8?TELEVISIONSEE CASSINIS FINAL VIEW OF SATURNWhen NASAs Cassini spacecraft plunges into Saturn this month,it will be?-?of discovery.Trace the probes epic journey in Mission Saturn,airing?on National Geographic.|?CONTENTSTHE ROAD TO YOUR HAPPY PLACE IS PAVED WITH RAISINS AND FLAKES.AND PAVEMENT.,TM,2016 Kellogg NA Co.?|?FROM THE EDITORSusan Goldberg,Editor in Chief Every 2 5 minutes in the United States,a baby is born addicted to opioids.That heartbreaking statistic is but one symptom of an epidemic that shows no sign of abating.The 3 3,0 0 0 overdose deaths from opioids in 2 0 1 5 were a 1 6 percent rise over the previous year,which also set a record.Drug overdoses are now a leading cause of death among Americans under 5 0 but only part of a broader addiction landscape that ranges from drug and alcohol abuse to obses-sive eating,gambling,and even sex.For this months cover story,“The Addicted Brain,”we went in search of the“why.”Why do human beings get addicted to substances and behaviors we know will harm us?What can new research tell us about addiction and the brain?Most important:Can what were learning help more people recover?“Not long ago the idea of repairing the brains wiring to fight addiction would have seemed far-fetched,”medical writer Fran Smith reports in our story.“But advances in neuroscience have upended conventional notions about addiction what it is,what can trigger it,and why quitting is so tough.”The very nature of addiction is being rethought.In 2 0 1 6,when he was U.S.surgeon general,Vivek Murthywhos interviewed in this issueaffirmed what scientists had contended for years,as Smith says:“Addiction is a disease,not a moral failing.Its characterized not nec-essarily by dependence or withdrawal but by compulsive repetition of an activity despite life-damaging consequences.This view has led many