National Geographic 2016年第01期.pdf

THE POWER OF PARKSA yearlong celebration of our common groundJANUARY 2016 Watch Call of the Wild Sunday,January 10,on the National Geographic ChannelMelting ArcticRubber Boom VulturesMORE VITAL THAN VILEGet involved,and see the documentary series at NATIONAL PARKS teach invaluable lessons about our planet,our history,and ourselves.In the past 100 years,our parks have become treasured landmarks for recreation,classrooms for biodiversity,shining examples of our countrys great outdoor spaces,and bridges connecting us to the world of nature.However,if we want to keep them unspoiled for 100 more years,we need to educate the next generation to be stewards for their preservation.Did you know,each year visitors to our National Parksgenerate 100 million pounds of trash?Thats why,with support from Subaru,National Geographic has developed a series of engaging educational activities,designed to inspire and guide the next generation of national park visitors and outdoor adventurers.Learning how to explore green spaces,discovering how to read maps,and understanding how to keep our parks clean are just some of the lessons we can teach our younger generation.Teach the next generation how our actions impact nature and the most responsible way to enjoy,care for,and preserve our parks for the future.To download these free educational materials,visit natgeoed.org/loveyourpark.The future of our parks rests in the hands of our kids.WITH SUPPORT FROMOFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETYFlies swarm the head and mat the chest of this Rppells vulture,photographed in the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.Bloody GoodVultures seem vile,dining on the dead.But Earth desperately needs these birds.By Elizabeth Royte Photographs by Charlie Hamilton James70138 Proof|Kingdom of Girls Young women in a matrilineal society preserve an old tradition.By Jeremy Berlin Photographs by Karolin KlppelOn the Cover By digitally combining some of the 1,036 images he took over 26 hours,Stephen Wilkes created this day-to-night scene of Yosemite National Park in California.Composite photo by Stephen WilkesCorrections and Clarifications Go to Land Is Your Land As Americas national park system turns 100,we celebrate and relect with a yearlong series.By David Quammen Photographs by Stephen Wilkes48This Is Your Brain on NatureSpending time in the natural world beneits human brains.By Florence Williams Photographs by Lucas Foglia98Into Thin IceEarth cools when sunlight relects off Arctic sea ice which is melting away.Where does that leave us?By Andy Isaacson Photographs by Nick Cobbing 118Riding Rubbers BoomThe rising global demand for car tires may pay off for Southeast Asias poor,but at a cost to the planet.By Charles C.Mann Photographs by Richard Barnesjanuary 2016 vol.229 no.1FROM THE EDITORFor the Peoples BenefitNational ParksPHOTO:MICHAEL NICHOLS,NGM STAFFSusan Goldberg,Editor in Chief With her husband,Geoffrey Etnire,Susan Goldberg visited geysers and other natural won-ders in Yellowstone.After 55 years of travel across the country and around the world,last year I finally made it to one of Americas iconic placesYellowstone,the first national park and the ideal of what protected lands should be for sheer grandeur,conservation,and outreach.Why did I wait so long?The inscription on the Roosevelt Arch,at Yellowstones north entrance,is a quote from the act that created the park in 1872:“For the Benefit and Enjoyment of the People.”Those words ring true today.Joining a half dozen National Geographic photographers assigned to shoot the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem from the Grand Tetons in Wyoming to its northern border in Montana,my husband and I canoed tranquil rivers searching for otters.We hiked a landscape alive with burbling pools and spouting geysers.We spotted wolves,eagles,and bison.We returned to our“real”lives renewed,grateful for the time,the quiet,the beautyand more mindful than ever of the urgent need to preserve these lands and animals.That urgency informs and inspires this issue.It celebrates the 100th anniversary of the National Park Service and kicks of our yearlong exploration of what writer and environmentalist Wallace Stegner called“the best idea we ever had.”National Geographic and the parks share a rich his-tory,beginning with the magazines founding in 1888.Perhaps the most significant event in that history was a two-week trip into the Sierra Nevada that Gilbert H.Grosvenor,the mag-azines longtime editor,took with the industrialist-outdoorsman Stephen Mather.Devoting the entire April 1916 issue to what he had seen,Grosvenor exhorted readers to cherish the richness of wilderness and support an agen-cy to preserve and manage it.Then he went one step further,sending a copy of that“Land of the Best”issue to each member of Congress.The federal law establishing the National Park Service passed almost five months later.In this centennial year National Geographic will examine the state of the 408 U.S.national parks as well as parks