2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题.pdf

1 2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题 Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s;the term“plant neurobiology”was 1 around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals.3 plants lack brains,the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that 4 consciousness,researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue,according to a new opinion article.Plant biology is complex and fascinating,but it 5 so greatly from that of animals that so-called 6 of plants intelligence is inconclusive,the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006,some scientists have 7 that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters,8 “a plant nervous system,9 to that in animals,”said lead study author Lincoln Taiz,“They 10 claimed that plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.”This 11 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain,12 it to an array of electrical pulses;cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals.13,the signaling in a plant is only 14 similar to the firing in a complex animal brain,which is more than“a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,”Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve,a brain with a threshold 15 of complexity and capacity is required,”he 16.“Since plants dont have nervous systems,the 17 that they have consciousness are effectively zero.”And whats so great about consciousness,anyway?Plants cant run away from 18 ,so investing energy in a body system which 19 a threat and can feel pain would be a very 20 evolutionary strategy,according to the article.1.A coined 2.A attributed B discovered B directed C collected C compared D issued D confined 3.A Unless B When C Once D Though 4.A cope with B consisted of C hinted at D extended in 5.A suffers B benefits C develops D differs 6.A acceptance B evidence C cultivation D creation 7.A doubted B denied C argued D requested 8.A adapting B forming C repairing D testing 2 9.A analogous B essential C suitable D sensitive 10.A just B ever C still D even 11.A restriction B experiment C perspective D demand 12.A attaching B reducing C returning D exposing 13.A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise 14.A temporarily B literally C superficially D imaginarily 15.A list B level C label D local 16.A recalled B agreed C questioned D added 17.A chances B risks C excuses D assumptions 18.A danger B failure C warning D control 19.A represents B includes C reveals D recognizes 20.A humble B poor C practical D easy Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 People often complain that plastics are too durable.Water bottles,shopping bags,and other trash litter the planet,from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench,because plastics are everywhere and dont break down easily.But some plastic materials change over time.They crack and frizzle.They“weep”out additives.They melt into sludge.All of which creates huge headaches for institutions,such as museums,trying to preserve culturally important objects.The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying:early radios,avant-garde sculptures,celluloid animation stills from Disney films,the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didnt always know how to mix ingredients properly,says Thea van Oosten,a polymer chemist who,until retiring a few years ago,worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands.“Its like baking a cake:If you dont have exact amounts,it goes wrong.”she says.“The object you make is already a time bomb.”And sometimes,its not the artists fault.In the 1960s,the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright,colorful foam pieces.Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen“nature carpets”large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins,cabbages,and watermelons.He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpetswhich meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately,the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable.Its especially vulnerable to light damage,and by the mid-1990s,Gilardis pumpkins,roses,and other figures were splitting and crumbling.3 Museums locked some of them away in the dark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardis sculptures.They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals.Van Oosten calls those chemicals“sunscreens”because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers.She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again,albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oostens,preservation