2013年考研英语真题及解析.pdf

1 12013 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.Atfirst glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiasedby 2 factors.But Dr.Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leadingdecision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.4,he theorised thata judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had alreadysentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To8 this idea,he turned to the university-admissions process.In theory,the 9 of an applicant should notdepend on the few others10 randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr.Simonsoho suspected thetruth was 11.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers.The interviewershad 13 applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration.The scoreswere 15 used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test,orGMAT,a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him orher.Dr.Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75points or more higher than that of the one 17 that,then the score for the next applicant would18 by an averageof 0.075 points.This might sound small,but to 19the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.1.A grantsB submitsC transmitsD delivers2.A minorB externalC crucialD objective3.A issueB visionC pictureD moment4.A Above allB On averageC In principleD For example5.A fondB fearfulC capableD thoughtless6.A inB forC toD on7.A ifB untilC thoughD unless8.A testB emphasizeC shareD promote9.A decisionB qualityC statusD success10.A foundB studiedC chosenD identified11.A otherwiseB defensibleC replaceableD exceptional12.A inspiredB expressedC conductedD secured2 213.A assignedB ratedC matchedD arranged14.A putB gotC tookD gave15.A insteadB thenC everD rather16.A selectedB passedC markedD introduced17.A belowB afterC aboveD before18.A jumpB floatC fluctuateD drop19.A achieveB undoC maintainD disregard20.A necessaryB possibleC promisingD helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds herunattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her.Priestly explains how the deep bluecolor ofthe assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin inwhich the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverishworld described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequentreleases,and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposablemeant tolast only a wash or two,although they dont advertise thatand to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.Byoffering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking anindustry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a$5.95 knit miniskirtin all its 2,300-plus stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strainnatural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer toconsumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma.“Mass-produced clothing,like fastfood,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues.Americans,she finds,buy roughly 20billion garments a yearabout 64 items per personand no matter how much they give away,this excess leads towaste.Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since 2008 has made all of her own clothesand beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumontdecades to perfect her craft;her example cant be knocked off.3 3Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and theenvironmentincluding H&M,with its green Conscious Collection lineCline believes lasting chang