Science 2018-04-13.pdf

128 13 APRIL 2018 VOL 360 ISSUE 6385sciencemag.org SCIENCE13 APRIL 2018 VOLUME 360 ISSUE 6385CONTENTS154Nanoporous grapheneCREDITS:(FROM TOP TO BOTTOM)ADAPTED BY N.DESAI/SCIENCE;(IMAGE)DANE WEBSTER/UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO IN DENVER;(DATA)NETWORK DYNAMICS AND SIMULATION SCIENCE LABORATORYNEWSIN BRIEF134 News at a glanceIN DEPTH 137 LATIN AMERICAS LOST HISTORIES REVEALEDClues to forgotten migrations emerge from todays genomes By L.Wade PODCAST138 ALPHA CENTAURIS SIREN CALL HAS FRUSTRATED PLANET HUNTERSThe nearest sunlike stars have failed to yield exoplanets so far,but searches for Earth-like ones are ramping up By D.Clery139 CHEMISTS SEEK ANTIADDICTION DRUGS TO BATTLE HIJACKED BRAINCandidate medications could help addicts overcome cravings that lead to relapse and death By R.F.Service140 ANCIENT SITES SAVAGED IN YEMEN,IRAQFirsthand accounts reveal worse damage than expected in war-torn regions By A.Lawler142 STUDY QUESTIONS ANIMAL EFFICACY DATA BEHIND TRIALSInformation provided to ethical review panels may often be insufficient to judge a drugs therapeutic potential By E.YasinskiINSIGHTSPERSPECTIVES 148 HOW CLEANER AIR CHANGES THE CLIMATEAir quality improvements affect regional climate in complex ways By B.H.Samset150 IMPROVED MEMORY DEVICESFOR SYNTHETIC CELLSCRISPR enables efficient recording of signaling events in cells onto DNA By J.M.L.Ho and M.R.Bennett RESEARCH ARTICLE P.169152 REDEMPTION FOR SELF-REACTIVE ANTIBODIESAntibody self-reactivity is repaired through antibody gene mutation in B cells By E.E.Kara and M.C.Nussenzweig REPORT P.223153 CROWDSOURCED GENEALOGIESAND GENOMESGenealogical study provides insight into history and life span and heralds crowdsourced genetic research By A.A.Lussier and A.Keinan RESEARCH ARTICLE P.171154 A RECIPE FOR NANOPOROUS GRAPHENENanoporous graphene created from molecular precursors shows promise for electronic applications By A.Sinitskii REPORT P.199156 STEPHEN HAWKING(19422018)The worlds best-known scientist richly deserved his fame By J.Preskill157 JOHN SULSTON(19422018)A visionary biologist with a deep social conscience By J.KimblePOLICY FORUM 158 BYSTANDER RISK,SOCIAL VALUE,AND ETHICS OF HUMAN RESEARCHContentious risks demand a new approach By S.K.Shah et al.BOOKS ET AL.160 ADAPTING TO LIFE IN THE BIG CITYTo thrive in rapidly changing urban areas,plants and animals are evolving at astonishing rates By A.Mooers161 THE FUTURE OF ARTISANAL FISHINGDeclining fish populations and policies that favor large operations threaten small fisheries By D.Pauly144143 HUMAN MUTATION RATE A LEGACY FROM OUR PASTBy assessing mutation rates among species,researchers are understanding why they vary By E.PennisiFEATURES 144 FREE AGENTSMonumentally complex models are gaming out disaster scenarios with millions of simulated people By M.M.Waldrop VIDEODA_0413TOC.indd 1284/11/18 11:26 AMPublished by AAASon April 15,2018 http:/science.sciencemag.org/Downloaded from 13 APRIL 2018 VOL 360 ISSUE 6385 129SCIENCE sciencemag.org219RNA processing machinery152Evolving antibody specificityCREDITS:(FROM LEFT TO RIGHT)A.KITTERMAN/SCIENCE;SCHULLER ET AL.DEPARTMENTS133 EDITORIAL Obfuscating with transparencyBy Jeremy Berg234 WORKING LIFEMy path to contentmentBy Edmond Sanganyado176 SINGLE-CELL GENOMICSSingle-cell profiling of the developing mouse brain and spinal cord with split-pool barcoding A.B.Rosenberg et al.182 TOPOLOGICAL MATTERObservation of topological superconductivity on the surface of an iron-based superconductor P.Zhang et al.REPORTS 186 ORGANIC CHEMISTRYPredicting reaction performance in CN cross-coupling using machine learning D.T.Ahneman et al.191 METROLOGYMeasurement of the fine-structure constant as a test of the Standard Model R.H.Parker et al.195 QUANTUM INFORMATIONA blueprint for demonstrating quantum supremacy with superconducting qubits C.Neill et al.199 NANOMATERIALSBottom-up synthesis of multifunctional nanoporous graphene C.Moreno et al.PERSPECTIVE P.154204 NOROVIRUSTropism for tuft cells determines immune promotion of norovirus pathogenesis C.B.Wilen et al.209 CARBON CYCLEMicrobial oxidation of lithospheric organic carbon in rapidly eroding tropical mountain soils J.D.Hemingway et al.212 PLANT SCIENCEPhotoperiodic control of seasonal growth is mediated by ABA acting on cell-cell communication S.Tylewicz et al.ON THE COVERTrees such as this aspen(Populus tremuloides)protect their meristem and leaf primordia from low temperatures during winter by establishing dormancy in apical buds.Reduction in day length,heralding the advent of winter,induces dormancy.The molecular mechanism underlying photoperiodic control of tree dormancy has been revealed to involve plant hormonemediated blockage of plasmodesmata,channels that connect neighboring cells.See page 212.Photo:Jeff Foott/Getty ImagesSCIENCE(ISSN 0036-8075)is published weekly on Friday,except last week in December,by the American Association for the Advancement of Science,1200 New York Avenue,NW,Washington,DC 20005.Periodicals mail p