2015年考研英语真题及解析.pdf

1 120152015 年全国硕士研究生入学考试年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语英语一试题一试题SectionSection I I UseUse ofof EnglishEnglishDirections:Directions:ReadRead thethe followingfollowing text.text.ChooseChoose thethe bestbest word(s)word(s)forfor eacheach numberednumbered blankblank andand markmarkA,A,B,B,C C oror D D onon ANSWERANSWER SHEETSHEET 1.1.(10(10 points)points)We have more genes in common with people we pick to be our friends than withstrangers.Though not biologically related,friends are as related as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.That is 1 a study publishedfrom the University of Californiaand Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has 2.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairsof unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both 5.While 1%may seem 6,it is not so to a geneticist.As co-author of the study JamesFowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says,Most people do not even7their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 ourkin.The team 9 developed a friendship score which can predict who will be your friendbased on their genes.The study also found that the genes for smell were something shared in friendsbut not genes for immunity.Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult toexplain,for now.10,as the team suggests,it draws us 11similar environments butthere is more to it.There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12us inchoosing genetically similar friends 13 functional kinship of being friends with14!One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem tobe evolving 15 than other genes.Studying this could help 16 why human evolution pickedpace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18to befriend those of similaret 19 backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from apopulation of European extraction,care was taken to 20that all subjects,friends andstrangers were taken from the same population.The team also controlled the data tocheck ancestry of subjects.2 21.A whenB whyC howD what2.A defendedB concludedC withdrawnD advised3.A forB withC onD by4.A comparedB soughtC separatedD connected5.A testsB objectsC samplesD examples6.A insignificantB unexpectedC unreliableD incredible7.A visitB missC seekD know8.A resembleB influenceC favorD surpass9.A againB alsoC insteadD thus10.A MeanwhileB FurthermoreC LikewiseD Perhaps11.A aboutB toC fromD like12.A driveB observeC confuseD limit13.A according toB rather thanC regardless ofD along with14.A chancesB responsesC missionsD benefits15.A laterB slowerC fasterD earlier16.A forecastB rememberC understandD express17.A unpredictableB contributoryC controllableD disruptive18.A endeavorB decisionC arrangementD tendency19.A politicalB religiousC ethnicD economic20.A seeB showC proveD tellSectionSection ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehensionPartPart A ADirections:Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1Text1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted“kings dont abdicate,they die in their sleep.”But embarrassingscandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his wordsand stand down.So,does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does that mean thewriting is on the wall for all European royals,with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularlypolarised,as it was following the end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above“mere”politics and“embody”a spirit of national unity.3 3It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads ofstate.And so,the Middle East excepted,Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world,with 10kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf andAsia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for anon-controversial but respected public figure.Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,their very historyand sometimes the way they behave todayembodies outdated and indefensibleprivileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of risinginequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families shouldstill be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes andprincesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters).Even so,these are wealthy familieswho party with the international 1%,and media intru