2013年考研英语（二）真题及参考答案.pdf

Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-care aides and physicists are among todays birds of passage.They areenergetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work,money andideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them,They can manage tohave a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,they straddle laws,jurisdictions and identities withease.We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can beproductive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.We needthem to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to twonations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudeson both sides of the immigration battle Looking beyond the culture war logic of rightor wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managingimmigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.Including some thatare not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26“Birds of passage”refers to those whoAimmigrate across the Atlantic.Bleave their home countries for good.Cstay in a foregin temporaily.Dfind permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in theUSAneeds new immigrant categories.Bhas loosened control over immigrantsCshould be adopted to meet challenges.Dhas been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author,todays birds of passage wantAfiancial incentives.Ba global recognition.Copportunities to get regular jobs.Dthe freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treatedAas faithful partners.Bwith economic favors.Cwith legal tolerance.Das mighty rivals.30 which of the best title for the passage?Acome and go:big mistake.Bliving and thriving:great risk.Cwith or without:great risk.Dlegal or illegal:big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if wetake a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or eveneliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whethersomeone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tellwhether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism oropen-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli arent exclusive to theinterpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing afast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,eventhough reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food withspeed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else were doing,Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumerproducts or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good salesrepresentatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a momentbefore buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractivefemale applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outsidescreeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quicklythin sliceinformation reliably only after we ground such snap reactions inthick slicedlong-term study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will staytogether,he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates usfrom animals:doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutesBut historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longerterm.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasnt changed ournature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse thehigh-speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may_Avary according to the urgency of the situationBprove the complexity of our brain reactionCdepend on the importance of the assessmentDpredetermine the accuracy of our judgment32.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions.Acan be associativeBare not unconsciousCcan be dangerousDare not impulsive33.Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should