Introduction to Intellectual Property Openstax.pdf

Introduction to Intellectual Property SENIOR CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS DAVID KLINE,PULITZER PRIZE-NOMINATED JOURNALIST DAVID KAPPOS,FORMER DIRECTOR,UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE PRESENTED BY GARY MICHELSON,M.D.OpenStax Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-375 Houston,Texas 77005 To learn more about OpenStax,visit https:/openstax.org.Individual print copies and bulk orders can be purchased through our website.2021 The Michelson 20MM Foundation.This instructional material was derived from The Intangible Advantage:Understanding Intellectual Property in the New Economy,by The Michelson 20MM Foundation.Changes were made to the original material,including updates to art,structure,and other content updates.Textbook content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License(https:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)(CC BY 4.0).For questions regarding this licensing,please contact supportopenstax.org.Trademarks The OpenStax name,OpenStax logo,OpenStax book covers,OpenStax CNX name,OpenStax CNX logo,OpenStax Tutor name,Openstax Tutor logo,Connexions name,Connexions logo,Rice University name,and Rice University logo are not subject to the license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.PAPERBACK BOOK ISBN-13 978-1-951693-35-0 B&W PAPERBACK BOOK ISBN-13 978-1-711493-79-4 DIGITAL VERSION ISBN-13 978-1-951693-34-3 ORIGINAL PUBLICATION YEAR 2021 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OPENSTAX OpenStax provides free,peer-reviewed,openly licensed textbooks for introductory college and Advanced Placement courses and low-cost,personalized courseware that helps students learn.A nonprofit ed tech initiative based at Rice University,were committed to helping students access the tools they need to complete their courses and meet their educational goals.RICE UNIVERSITY OpenStax,OpenStax CNX,and OpenStax Tutor are initiatives of Rice University.As a leading research university with a distinctive commitment to undergraduate education,Rice University aspires to path-breaking research,unsurpassed teaching,and contributions to the betterment of our world.It seeks to fulfill this mission by cultivating a diverse community of learning and discovery that produces leaders across the spectrum of human endeavor.PHILANTHROPIC SUPPORT OpenStax is grateful for our generous philanthropic partners,who support our vision to improve educational opportunities for all learners.Arnold Ventures Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Chegg,Inc.Arthur and Carlyse Ciocca Charitable Foundation Digital Promise Ann and John Doerr Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation Girard Foundation Google Inc.The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation The Hewlett-Packard Company Intel Inc.Rusty and John Jaggers The Calvin K.Kazanjian Economics Foundation Charles Koch Foundation Leon Lowenstein Foundation,Inc.The Maxfield Foundation Burt and Deedee McMurtry Michelson 20MM Foundation National Science Foundation The Open Society Foundations Jumee Yhu and David E.Park III Brian D.Patterson USA-International Foundation The Bill and Stephanie Sick Fund Steven L.Smith&Diana T.Go Stand Together Robin and Sandy Stuart Foundation The Stuart Family Foundation Tammy and Guillermo Trevio Valhalla Charitable Foundation White Star Education Foundation Study where you want,what you want,when you want.Access.The future of education.openstax.org When you access your book in our web view,you can use our new onlinehighlighting and note-taking features to create your own study guides.Our books are free and flexible,forever.Get started at openstax.org/details/books/introduction-intellectual-propertyCONTENTSPreface and Foreword 1Patent Basics 91Introduction 91.1 The Foundations of Patent Protection 101.2 The Weakness of Early Patent Systems 161.3 Americas Uniquely Democratic Patent System 181.4 The Role of the U.S.Legal System 271.5 What the U.S.Patent System Wrought 311.6 Patent-Eligible Inventions 351.7 Criteria for Patenting 421.8 Other Types of Patents 471.9 The Patenting Process 49Assessment Questions 53Patent Enforcement 592Introduction 592.1 The Right to Enforce Patents 602.2 Deciding Whether and How to Enforce a Patent 632.3 Patent Litigation 652.4 Getting Started 692.5 Pretrial Procedures 712.6 Trial 762.7 Post-Trial Procedures 792.8 Appeals 852.9 Litigation Alternatives 862.10 Patent Trolls and Efforts to Thwart Them 88Assessment Questions 91Copyright Basics 953Introduction 953.1 The Basics of Copyright 963.2 Early Copyright Systems 983.3 Copyright in America 1023.4 Eligible Works 1083.5 Rights and Term 1103.6 Infringement and Remedies 1123.7 The Fair Use Defense 1153.8 Changes in Copyright Law 1173.9 New Technology Challenges to Copyright 1243.10 Alternative Forms of Copyright 1263.11 Copyright in a Changing World 127Assessment Questions 129Trademark Basics 1374Introduction 1374.1 Core Concepts 1374.2 Early Trademark Systems 1394.3 U.S.Trademark Law 1414.4 The Four Types of Trademarks 1434.5 The Subject Matter of Trademarks 1444.6 The Spect