2012年考研英语真题及解析.pdf

2012 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.The courtcannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that 3 the courts reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia,for example,appeared at political events.That kind of activity makes it less likely thatthe courts decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5by anethics code.At the very least,the court should make itself6 to the code of conduct that 7 to the rest of thefederal judiciary.This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there is still a 9 between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics.They gave justicespermanent positions 11 they would be free to 12 those in power and have no need to 13 political support.Ourlegal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15 like libertyand property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it 16 is inescapably politicalwhichis why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17 as unjust.The justices must 18 doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves 19 to the code of conduct.That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,20,convincing as law.1.AemphasizeBmaintainCmodifyDrecognize2.AwhenBlestCbeforeDunless3.ArestoredBweakenedCestablishedDeliminated4.AchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfounded6.AresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseCdenyDsettle9.AlineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthroughDtowards11.AsoBsinceCprovidedDthough12.AserveBsatisfyCupsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpressCcultivateDoffer14.AguardedBfollowedCstudiedDtied15.AconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconventions16.AexcludesBquestionsCshapesDcontrols17.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistorted18.AsuppressBexploitCaddressDignore19.AaccessibleBamiableCagreeableDaccountable20.Aby all meansBat all costsCin a wordDas a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Come on Everybodys doing it.That whispered message,halfinvitation and half forcing,is what most of usthink of when we hear the wordspeer pressure.It usually leads to no good drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the Club,Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive forcethrough what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics tohelp individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of examples of the social cure in action:In SouthCarolina,a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettesuncool.In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safesex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lamenessof many public-health campaigns is spot-on：they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthyhabits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.“Dare to bedifferent,please dont smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking amongteenagersteenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly thatpublic-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filledwith too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peerpressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work verywell for very long.Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the loveLifeprogram produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body ofresearch shows that positive health habits as well as negative ones spread through networks of friendsvia social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure:we unconsciously imitate the behavior we seeevery day.Far less certain,however,is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steertheir activities in virtuous directions.Its like the teacher who breaks