2012年考研英语（一）真题及参考答案.pdf

??http:/ 2012 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题 National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)跨考英语教研室杨凤芝 Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently.The court cannot_1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_2_ justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that_3_ the courts reputation for being independent and impartial.Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr.,for example,appeared at political events.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be_4_ as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_ by an ethics code.At the very least,the court should make itself_6_ to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_ between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_10_ having authority apart from politics.They gave justices permanent positions _11_ they would be free to _12_those in power and have no need to_13_ political support.Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it _16_is inescapably political which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _19_to the code of conduct.That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,_20_,convincing as law.1.A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2.A when B best C before D unless !#$%&()*+,!#$-./0http:/ 3.A restored B weakened C established D eliminated 4.A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted 5.A advanced B caught C bound D founded 6.A resistant B subject C immune D prone 7.A resorts B sticks C leads D applies 8.A evade B raise C deny D settle 9.A line B barrier C similarity D conflict 10.A by B as C through D towards 11.A so B since C provided D though 12.A serve B satisfy C upset D replace 13.A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14.A guarded B followed C studied D tied 15.A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience 16.A excludes B questions C shapes D controls 17.A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted 18.A suppress B exploit C address D ignore 19.A accessible B amiable C agreeable D accountable 20.A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a result Section 1111 Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40 points)Text 1 Come on Everybodys doing it.That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing,is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the Club,Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of example of the social cure in action:In South Carolina,a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising2and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on:they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.”Dare to be different,please dont smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among 34%&5#$!#$%&()*+,!#$-./0http:/ teenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long.Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body of research