2010年考研英语真题及解析.pdf

1 12010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series ofindustrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.Ithoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting大 1 家workers productivity.Instead,the studiesended大 2 家giving their name to the Hawthorne effect,the extremely influential idea that thevery大 3 家to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the大 4 家behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to大 5 家of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not大 6 家what was done in the experiment;大 7 家something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)大 8 家that they were being experimented uponseemed to be大 9 家to alter workers behavior大 10 家itself.After several decades,the same data were大 11 家to econometric the analysis.Hawthorneexperiments has another surprise store大 12 家the descriptions on record,no systematic大 13 家was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to大 14 家interpretation of what happened.大 15 家,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When workstarted again on Monday,output大 16 家rose compared with the previous Saturday and大 17 家to rise for the next couple of days.大 18 家,a comparison with data for weeks whenthere was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday,workers大 19 家2 2to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before大 20 家a plateau and thenslackening off.This suggests that the alleged Hawthorne effect is hard to pin down.1.A affectedB achievedC extractedD restored2.A atB upC withD off3.A truthB sightC actD proof4.A controversial B perplexingC mischievousD ambiguous5.A requirements B explanationsC accountsD assessments6.A concludeB matterC indicateD work7.A as far asB for fear thatC in case thatD so long so8.A awarenessB expectationC sentimentD illusion9.A suitableB excessiveC enoughD abundant10.A aboutB forC onD by11.A comparedB shownC subjectedD conveyed12.A Contrary toB Consistent withC Parallel with D Peculiar to13.A evidenceB guidanceC implicationD source14.A disputableB enlighteningC reliableD misleading15.A In contrastB For exampleC In consequenceD As usual16.A dulyB accidentallyC unpredictablyD suddenly17.A failedB ceasedC startedD continued18.A ThereforeB FurthermoreC HoweverD Meanwhile19.A attemptedB tendedC choseD intended20.A breakingB climbingC surpassingD hittingSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the pastquarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope andseriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty toimagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.Yet aconsiderable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20thcenturyconsisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that3 3their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in Englandbetween the turn of the 20thcentury and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint wasdirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which itappeared.In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would writein detail and at length about the events they covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even thosereviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could betrusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proudto be published in the daily press.“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keeptheir own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define journalismas a termof contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.”Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote for theManchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is now known solely as awriter of essays on the game of cricket.During his lifetime,though,he was also one of Englandsforemost classical-music critics,a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography(1947)became abest-seller.He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored.Yet