2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）.pdf

2012015 5 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一一)真题真题SectionSection I I UseUse ofof EnglishEnglishDirections:Directions:ReadRead thethe followingfollowing text.text.ChooseChoose thethe bestbest word(s)word(s)forfor eacheach numberednumbered blankblank andandmarkmark A,A,B,B,C C oror D D onon ANSWERANSWER SHEET.SHEET.(10(10 points)points)Though not biologically related,friends are as“related”as fourth cousins,sharing about 1%of genes.That is _(1)_a study,published from the University ofCalifornia and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has_(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subjects which_(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were usedin both_(5)_.While 1%may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professorof medical genetics at UC San Diego,says,“Most people do not even _(7)_their fourthcousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friendsbut not genes for immunity.Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficultto explain,for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environmentsbut there is more_(11)_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that_(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship”ofbeing friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolutionpicked pace in the last 30,000 years,with social environment being amajor_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriend those ofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawnfrom a population of European extraction,care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.SectionSection IIII ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehensionPartPart A ADirections:Directions:ReadRead thethe followingfollowing fourfour texts.texts.AnswerAnswer thethe questionsquestions belowbelow eacheach texttext byby choosingchoosingA,A,B,B,C C oror D.D.MarkMark youryour answersanswers onon ANSWERANSWER SHEET.SHEET.(40(40 points)points)TextText 1 1 King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted“kings dont abdicate,they dare intheir sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican leftin the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So,does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does thatmean the writing is on the wall for all European royals,with their magnificentuniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When publicopinion is particularly polarised,as it was following the end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above“mere”politics and“embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchscontinuing popularity polarized.And also,the Middle East excepted,Europe is themost monarch-infested region in the world,with 10 kingdoms(not counting VaticanCity and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficultsearch for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.Symbolic of national unityas they claim to be,their very historyand sometimes the way they behave today embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time whenThomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and theincreasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocraticfamilies should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocraticways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(orhelicopters).Even so,these are wealthy families who party with the international1%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the rightimage.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for sometime to come,it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her ratherordinary(if well-heeled)granny style.The danger will come with Charles,who hasboth an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because theyprovide a service as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charlesought to know that as English history shows,it is kings,not republicans,who arethe monarchys worst enemies.21.According to the first two Paragraphs,King Juan Carlos of SpainA used turn enjoy high public supportB was unpopular among European royalsC cased his relationsh