AP Physics-Openstax.pdf

HIGH SCHOOL Physics SENIOR CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS PAUL PETER URONE,CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY,SACRAMENTO ROGER HINRICHS,STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK,COLLEGE AT OSWEGO CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS FATIH GOZUACIK,PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION DENISE PATTISON,EAST CHAMBERS ISD CATHERINE TABOR,NORTHWEST EARLY HIGH SCHOOL OpenStax Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-375 Houston,Texas 77005 To learn more about OpenStax,visit https:/openstax.org.Individual print copies and bulk orders can be purchased through our website.2020 Texas Education Agency(TEA).This instructional material was initially created through a Texas Education Agency(TEA)initiative to provide high-quality open-source instructional materials to districts free of charge.Changes were made to the original material,including updates to art,structure,and other content updates.The original material is available at:https:/www.texasgateway.org/book/tea-physics.Textbook content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License(https:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)(CC BY 4.0).For questions regarding this licensing,please contact supportopenstax.org.Trademarks The OpenStax name,OpenStax logo,OpenStax book covers,OpenStax CNX name,OpenStax CNX logo,OpenStax Tutor name,Openstax Tutor logo,Connexions name,Connexions logo,Rice University name,and Rice University logo are not subject to the license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.HARDCOVER BOOK ISBN-13 978-1-975076-51-1 B&W PAPERBACK BOOK ISBN-13 978-1-975076-50-4 DIGITAL VERSION ISBN-13 978-1-951693-21-3 ORIGINAL PUBLICATION YEAR 2020 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OPENSTAX OpenStax provides free,peer-reviewed,openly licensed textbooks for introductory college and Advanced Placement courses and low-cost,personalized courseware that helps students learn.A nonprofit ed tech initiative based at Rice University,were committed to helping students access the tools they need to complete their courses and meet their educational goals.RICE UNIVERSITY OpenStax,OpenStax CNX,and OpenStax Tutor are initiatives of Rice University.As a leading research university with a distinctive commitment to undergraduate education,Rice University aspires to path-breaking research,unsurpassed teaching,and contributions to the betterment of our world.It seeks to fulfill this mission by cultivating a diverse community of learning and discovery that produces leaders across the spectrum of human endeavor.PHILANTHROPIC SUPPORT OpenStax is grateful for our generous philanthropic partners,who support our vision to improve educational opportunities for all learners.Laura and John Arnold Foundation Arthur and Carlyse Ciocca Charitable Foundation Ann and John Doerr Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation Girard Foundation Google Inc.The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Rusty and John Jaggers The Calvin K.Kazanjian Economics Foundation Charles Koch Foundation Leon Lowenstein Foundation,Inc.The Maxfield Foundation Burt and Deedee McMurtry Michelson 20MM Foundation National Science Foundation The Open Society Foundations Jumee Yhu and David E.Park III Brian D.Patterson USA-International Foundation The Bill and Stephanie Sick Fund Robin and Sandy Stuart Foundation The Stuart Family Foundation Tammy and Guillermo Trevio Study where you want,what you want,when you want.Access.The future of education.openstax.org When you access College Success in our web view,you can use our new online highlighting and note-taking features to create your own study guides.Our books are free and flexible,forever.Get started at openstax.org/details/books/physicsContentsPreface1CHAPTER 1What is Physics?.5Introduction51.1Physics:Definitions and Applications51.2The Scientific Methods141.3The Language of Physics:Physical Quantities and Units18Key Terms40Section Summary41Key Equations41Chapter Review41Test Prep46CHAPTER 2Motion in One Dimension.53Introduction532.1Relative Motion,Distance,and Displacement542.2Speed and Velocity622.3Position vs.Time Graphs672.4Velocity vs.Time Graphs73Key Terms81Section Summary81Key Equations81Chapter Review82Test Prep86CHAPTER 3Acceleration.93Introduction933.1Acceleration933.2Representing Acceleration with Equations and Graphs99Key Terms109Section Summary109Key Equations109Chapter Review109Test Prep112CHAPTER 4Forces and Newtons Laws of Motion.115Introduction1154.1Force1164.2Newtons First Law of Motion:Inertia1184.3Newtons Second Law of Motion1224.4Newtons Third Law of Motion128Key Terms135Section Summary135Key Equations136Chapter Review136Test Prep139CHAPTER 5Motion in Two Dimensions.143Introduction1435.1Vector Addition and Subtraction:Graphical Methods1445.2Vector Addition and Subtraction:Analytical Methods1535.3Projectile Motion1625.4Inclined Planes1715.5Simple Harmonic Motion178Key Terms185Section Summary185Key Equations186Chapter Review187Test Prep191CHAPTER 6Circular and Rotational Motion.197Introduction1976.1Angle of Rotation and Angular Velocity1986.2Uniform Circular