离子液体与光电子能谱（英文版）Ionic liquids and photoelectron spectroscopy.pdf

离子液体与光电子能谱 Ionic liquids and photoelectron spectroscopy（英文版）刘艳辉 门 爽 高景龙 著 Liu Yanhui Men Shuang Gao Jinglong Publishing House of Electronics Industry 北京BEIJING 内容简介 本书从光电子能谱的角度，揭示了结构与性能间的相互关系，对离子液体进行了系统、详细的阐述。同时对离子液体中的催化剂体系进行了简要介绍。本书共 6 章，介绍了离子液体主要物理化学性质、离子液体合成、X 射线光电子能谱，还从光电子能谱角度研究了离子液体体系和离子液体中催化剂体系等。本书既注重理论知识的传授，又强调实际应用。本书可作为有关技术人员的参考用书，也可供高等学校材料类、化学类或其他相关专业参考使用。未经许可，不得以任何方式复制或抄袭本书之部分或全部内容。版权所有，侵权必究。图书在版编目（CIP）数据 6 离子液体与光电子能谱=Ionic liquids and photoelectron spectroscopy：英文/刘艳辉，门爽，高景龙著 北京：电子工业出版社，2017.12 ISBN 978-7-121-33370-5.离 .刘 门 高 .离子液体研究英文 光电子谱法研究英文 .O646.1 O657.39 中国版本图书馆 CIP 数据核字（2017）第 322964 号 责任编辑：杨秋奎 印 刷：装 订：出版发行：电子工业出版社 北京市海淀区万寿路 173 信箱 邮编 100036 开 本：7871092 1/16 印张：11 字数：268 千字 版 次：2017 年 12 月第 1 版 印 次：2017 年 12 月第 1 次印刷 定 价：49.00 元 凡所购买电子工业出版社图书有缺损问题，请向购买书店调换。若书店售缺，请与本社发行部联系，联系及邮购电话：（010）88254888，88258888。质量投诉请发邮件至 ，盗版侵权举报请发邮件至 。本书咨询联系方式：（010）88254694。Preface This book is written based upon the research work being conducted by Dr.Yanhui Liu,Prof.Jinglong Gao and myself(all from Shenyang Ligong University).The commencement of this project dates back to the year of 2008,when I firstly joined the Nottingham Ionic Liquids group.Throughout the whole of my Ph.D study,many attempts had been made with the view of demonstrating the electronic environment of ionic liquids by the state-of-the-art ultra high vacuum technique,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.I was a bit of luck to have finally systematically investigated three families of ionic liquids,including imidazolium,pyrrolidinium and pyridinium,as well as directly probed the interaction of solute-solvent and solute-ligand in ionic liquids.I was delighted to see these studies had made this field expanded and matured.It was in the year of 2012,when Dr.Liu and I founded the Ionic Liquid Group at Shenyang Ligong University.I am fortunate to have collaborated with Dr.Liu,who has shown strong background in theory and great intelligence in doing research.With her tremendous helps,I am flattered to see we could add something to this research area.The recent publishing of the paper about the impact of the cation acidity on the cation-anion interaction in ionic liquids inspires us to finish this book,which summarily describes all aspects of our research with reference to ionic liquids.Herein,we bring all results together in a coherent and smooth account of the field in simple words.Chapter 1 and Chapter 2,which briefly introduce the basic aspects of ionic liquids and the XPS technique respectively,were written by Dr.Liu.One of the results chapters,Chapter 5,was also written by Dr.Liu.I wrote two of the results chapters,Chapter 3 and Chapter 4.The 离子液体与光电子能谱 Ionic liquids and photoelectron spectroscopy IV Appendix,which demonstrates XP spectra for all ionic liquids studied in this book was written by Prof.Gao.We hope some may read this book for basic understanding,some for further improvement and some for enjoyment.So many people helped me in this project,whom if I do not show my appreciation,I will be failing in my duty.To Prof.Peter Licence who is my academic Ph.D supervisor and the person I respect the most,I owe my biggest debt grateful.His wisdom and encouragement is always a constant source of motivation throughout the whole of my research life.Furthermore,I am on behalf of Dr.Liu to acknowledge the International Cooperation Project(F16-214-6-00)from the Department of Science and Technology of City of Shenyang for financial support.Last but not least,I must thank Dr.Liu and Prof.Gao once again,for spending several months with me in front of the laptop preparing this book.Men Shuang November 19th 2017 前 言 离子液体主要是指完全由有机阳离子及无机或有机阴离子组成的，在室温或接近室温的温度下呈现出液体状态的熔融盐类。离子液体具有不易挥发、无污染、不易燃、易与产物分离、易回收、可循环使用及使用方便等优点，是传统有机溶剂的理想替代品。它有效地避免了传统有机溶剂造成的环境污染、健康问题、安全隐患及设备腐蚀等问题，是名副其实的、环境友好的“绿色溶剂”，适应清洁技术和可持续发展的要求。近年来，离子液体的应用已经处于工业试验阶段，即将进入工业应用；因为离子液体种类繁多，每一种化学反应在离子液体中进行都有可能取得与传统方法不同的、令人惊异的结果，这一巨大的化学新宝藏有待我们去开发。笔者所在课题组近几年来以咪唑类离子液体为突破口，一直从事离子液体的合成、提纯、表征及应用研究。本书不仅介绍了课题组成员的大量研究结果，也介绍了相关的基本知识。本书共 5 章，第 1 章、第 2 章和第 5 章由沈阳理工大学刘艳辉博士编写，第 3 章和第4 章由沈阳理工大学门爽博士编写，附录由沈阳理工大学高景龙教授编写。本书的出版得到了沈阳理工大学学科发展规划处学术专著基金和沈阳市科技局国际合作处国际合作项目（F16-214-6-00）的共同资助。在本书的编写过程中，英国诺丁汉大学 Peter Licence 教授给予了指导和支持，电子工业出版社有关同志为本书的顺利出版付出了辛勤的劳动，在此一并表示诚挚的谢意！由于离子液体领域的研究正在蓬勃发展，知识体系更新迅速，而且以 X 射线光电子能谱手段研究离子液体的结构性能是一种崭新的技术，加上笔者所在的课题组成员水平所限，书中不足之处，敬请广大读者批评指正。刘艳辉 2017 年 12 月 于沈阳理工大学 离子液体与光电子能谱 Ionic liquids and photoelectron spectroscopy VI 目录Contents Chapter 1 Ionic Liquids 1 1.1 Ionic liquids 21.1.1 Definition 21.1.2 A brief history of ionic liquids 31.2 Properties of ionic liquids 41.2.1 Why are ionic liquids liquid?41.2.2 Viscosity 41.2.3 Low volatility 51.2.4 Conductivity 61.2.5 Solvation properties 61.3 Synthesis of ionic liquids 71.3.1 Materials 71.3.2 Instrumentation 71.3.3 Imidazolium-based ionic liquids 81.3.4 Pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids 141.3.5 Pyridinium-based ionic liquids 191.4 Dissolution of metal catalysts in ionic liquids 251.4.1 The addition of phosphine ligands 251.4.2 The formation of phosphineimidazolyl