美国加州教材 California Pre-algebra - Mcdougal Littell.pdf

?Pre-AlgebraMcDougal LittellCALIFORNIACopyright 2008 by McDougal Littell,a division of Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved.Warning:No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage or retrieval system without prior written permission of McDougal Littell unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law.Address inquiries to Supervisor,Rights and Permissions,McDougal Littell,P.O.Box 1667,Evanston,IL 60204.ISBN-13:978-0-618-84099-1123456789VJM07 06 05 04 03ISBN-10:0-618-84099-0123456789VJM07 06 05 04 03Internet Web Site:http:/ iiThe content of California Pre-Algebra offers complete coverage of Californias Grade 7 Mathematics Content Standards.Mathematics standards from previous grades are reviewed to help with your understanding of the Grade 7 standards.Activities are provided to develop Grade 7 concepts.Each lesson has ample skill practice so that you can master the important mathematical processes taught in Grade 7.California Pre-Algebra also teaches you valuable techniques for solving purely mathematical as well as real-world problems.Throughout each chapter you will engage in error analysis and mathematical reasoning to build critical thinking skills and to construct logical arguments.California Pre-Algebra thus provides a balance between basic skills,conceptual understanding,and problem solvingall supported by mathematical reasoning.California Pre-Algebra will also help you become better at taking notes and taking tests.Look for a notetaking strategy at the beginning of each chapter as well as helpful marginal notes throughout each chapter.The marginal notes give you support in keeping a notebook,studying math,reading algebra and geometry,doing homework,using technology,and reviewing for tests.?iiiAbout the AuthorsAbout the Authors?is the superintendent of Adlai E.Stevenson High School District 125 in Lincolnshire,Illinois.Dr.Kanold served as a teacher and director of mathematics for 17 years prior to becoming superintendent.He is the recipient of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching,and a past president of the Council for Presidential Awardees in Mathematics.Dr.Kanold is a frequent speaker at national and international mathematics meetings.?is a professor of mathematics education in the College of Education and Psychology of North Carolina State University at Raleigh and has taught mathematics at the high school and middle school levels.He served on the NCTM Board of Directors and was elected President of NCTM for the years 20002002.He is a recipient of the W.W.Rankin Award for Excellence in Mathematics Education presented by the North Carolina Council of Teachers of Mathematics.?is a mathematics teacher at The Riverside School in Lyndonville,Vermont,and has taught mathematics at all levels,elementary through college.A recipient of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics Teaching,she was also a Tandy Technology Scholar.She served on the NCTM Board of Directors(20022005),and she speaks frequently at regional and national conferences on topics related to instructional strategies and course content.?is a professor of mathematics at Penn State University at Erie,where he has taught since receiving his Ph.D.in mathematics from the University of Colorado.Dr.Larson is well known as the author of a comprehensive program for mathematics that spans middle school,high school,and college courses.Dr.Larsons numerous professional activities keep him in constant touch with the needs of teachers and supervisors.He closelyfollows developments in mathematics standards and assessment.ivAbout the AuthorsJos AguilarMathematics CoachEagle Rock High SchoolLos Angeles,CAGregory T.MiyataEETT/IMaST II Lead Coach/AdvisorRobert Louis Stevenson Middle SchoolLos Angeles,CARick AustinMathematics TeacherDaniel Lewis Middle SchoolPaso Robles,CAYoshiko OkamotoMathematics Teacher Hoover Middle SchoolLakewood,CAMark ChavezMathematics TeacherDeMille Middle SchoolLong Beach,CAMike PachecoMathematics Teacher David Wark Griffith Middle SchoolLos Angeles,CAKaren CliffeMathematics Curriculum Specialist Sweetwater Union High School DistrictChula Vista,CARudy SassMathematics Teacher Orangeview Junior High SchoolAnaheim,CAEd KohnProfessional Development FacilitatorLos Angeles Unified School DistrictLos Angeles,CAGwendolyn Walker-JennelsMathematics TeacherRalph Waldo Emerson Middle SchoolPomona,CA?About the ReviewersAbout the Reviewers?About the Reviewers vUNIT1Integers,Equations,and InequalitiesCHAPTERS 13C H A P T E RVariables,Expressions,andIntegersAdd integers to find a diversposition,pp.2930 Internet ResourcesCLASSZONE.COMeEdition Plus OnlineeWorkbook Plus OnlineeTutorial Plus OnlineState Test PracticeMore ExamplesReading,Writing,and NotetakingVocabulary,4,7,12,18,24,31,36,44,49,52Reading Algebra,6,23,34,48Writing,8,13,20,26,28,33,45,49,50Notetaki