【中考题型全接触】精讲精练：中考题型三　阅读理解.doc

中考题型三　阅读理解 纵观近五年河北中考，阅读理解题的内容丰富、新颖、贴近生活，包括科普知识、生活常识、风土人情、名人轶事以及天文、地理等自然科学和文学、艺术等社会科学。其形式主要以四选一形式体现。尤其是大部分的B篇阅读理解多为图表型的分类阅读，同学们在复习过程中可注重对这类阅读理解解题技巧的训练。 预计2015年河北中考的阅读材料的内容将更加丰富，涉及生活的各个方面，考查的难度适中。 2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表 阅读理解 年份 体裁 叙事 生活 社会 文化 人物 传记 科普、 说明 广告、咨询、 建议 2011 × × A × B，C 2012 × × A × B，C 2013 A × × × B，C 2014 A × × × B，C 1．阅读全文，捕捉信息。阅读理解的主旨是要求考生仔细阅读全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的观点和写作意图以及故事的起因、时间、地点和结局。 2．注意首句，抓住中心。俗话说“眼睛是心灵的窗户”，那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读是不给文章题目的，这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度。在这种情况下，考生应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心，为正确答题打下了良好的基础。 3．优选排除，确定答案。阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项。我们可先排除语法、词法上有明显错误的选项，再排除与短文内容不符的选项，剩下的就是应选答案了。在这个过程中要仔细鉴别，对比各选项的区别。 4．复读全文，检查答案。考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合逻辑推理。有错及时纠正。 【河北中考A篇】 河北中考三篇阅读理解中，A篇一般为记叙文。记叙文选材广泛，题目设计灵活。着重考查学生对文章细节的理解能力和重点信息采集能力。其设题形式常包含以下四类： 1．猜测词义题：考查学生根据生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，推断出词义。 2．判断推理题：主要考查学生通过理解文章，运用短文的逻辑关系、事件的发展进程、作者的语气等，通过分析对比，总结归纳、推测判断等思维活动判断作者的身份、态度，预测事件的结局，挖掘和理解文章的深层含义，推导文章的隐含寓意。 3．总结主旨题：考查学生对整篇短文或某段的主题、标题的归纳与把握。 4．数据推算题：考查学生根据已知数据，经过推算得出新数据的能力，这类数据可能包括年龄、时代、距离、高度、深度等。 【经典再现】 A1(2014，邯郸市二模) Sudha Chandran，a famous dancer from India，had to have her right leg cut after a car accident.She was also cut off on her career(事业) road. Though the accident brought her bright career to a stop，she didn't give up.In the painful months that followed，Sudha met a doctor who developed a man­made leg for her.So strongly，she wanted to go back to dance.Sudha believed in herself and she thought she could realize her dream. After every public recital(个人表演)，she would ask her dad about her performance.“You still have a long way to go” was the answer she used to get in return.In January 1984，Sudha made a historic comeback by giving a public recital in Bombay.She performed in such a great manner that it moved everyone to tears.That evening when she asked her dad the usual question，he didn't say anything.He just touched her feet as a praise.Sudha's comeback was so moving that a film producer decided to make the story into a hit film. When someone asked Sudha how she had managed to dance again，she said quite simply，“YOU DON'T NEED FEET TO DANCE.”Nothing is impossible in this world.If you have the will to win，you can achieve anything. 1．Sudha Chandran is an __B__ dancer. A．English　　　　　B．Indian C．Australian D．American 2．Sudha thought she could depend on __C__ to make her dream come true. A．the doctor B．her father C．herself D．a film producer 3．What did Sudha do in January，1984？__D__ A．She had a car accident. B．She met a doctor. C．She left Bombay. D．She made a historic comeback. 4．How did Sudha's father praise her？__A__ A．By touching her feet. B．By watching her performance. C．By teaching her to dance. D．By making the story into a hit film. 5．What's Sudha's idea about success？__D__ A．Being a disabled dancer. B．Believing in families and friends. C．Practicing more. D．Having a strong will to win. A2(2014，石家庄长安区毕业考试) We know good manners are important.Today I am going to tell you something about manners in different countries.I think you already know that people in different countries usually have different ways of doing things.Something that is rude in one country may be quite polite in another.For example，in Britain you mustn't lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having liquid food.That is considered bad manners in Britain.But in Japan you needn't worry about making a noise when you drink something.It shows that you are enjoying it.In Britain we try not to put our hands on the table at all during a meal.In Mexico，however，guests are expected to keep their hands on the table throughout a meal.In Arabic countries we must be careful with our hands.You see，in Arabic countries you mustn't eat with your left hand.This is considered to be very impolite.So，what should you do if you visit a foreign country？Well，you needn't worry.You can ask the native people there to help you and you can just watch carefully and try to do what they do. 1．In Arabic countries you must be careful with your __D__． 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A．feet B．mouth C．eyes D．hands 2．In Britain we try not to put our hands __C__ during a meal. A．on the desk B．in the bed C．on the table D．in the pocket 3．Which of the following is true？__B__ A．In different countries，the manners are the same. B．Different manners in different countries. C．Good manners are not important. D．In Arabic countries we mustn't be careful with our hands. 4．What's the meaning of the underlined word “throughout”？__B__ A．穿过 B．贯穿 C．通过 D．横过 5．The mainly idea of this passage is __A__． A．manners B．habits C．traffic D．lights A3(2014，滦南县一模) My teenage son Karl became withdrawn(孤僻的) after his father died.As a single parent，I tried to do my best to talk to him.But the more I tried，the more he pulled away(疏远)．When his report card arrived during his junior year，it said that he had been absent 95 times from classes and had six falling grades for the year.I cons