英汉跨文化交际中的汉语日常语用_石秀珍屈萍著.pdf

?PrefaceWith the global economic integration process isspeeding up，China，as one of the major developingcountries with fascinating culture and potential de-velopment opportunities，attract more and more over-seas students to learn Chinese，more and more busi-ness men to develop their career in China.These comers to China are not only learners ofChinese language but also disseminators of Chineseculture.Their description of China and Chinese cul-ture has definite authority and influence，and the ef-fect of their description is even stronger than theirmotherlands official propaganda.They also have asignificant impact on the relations between their owncountry and China，and play a vital role in estab-lishing Chinese international image and fusing ChinaPreface001英汉跨文化交际中的汉语日常语用and the world.Most learners of Chinese begin to learn it fromthe basis of language.During their course of learningand working，they do feel richness and variety ofChinese language；however，due to the cross-culturalpragmatic failures in daily communication，they havedifficulties in cultural exchange and dissemination.We all know that language and culture are notfundamentally separable.Culture refers to the totalpatternofbeliefs，customs，institutions，objects，andtechniques that characterize the life of a humancommunity(Deng，Liu，1989).This means，it includesnot only material things as cities，organizations andschools，but also non-material things such as ideas，customs，familypatterns，knowledge，belief，art，law，ethics，customs etc.Language is an important carrierof culture and reflects the peoples attitudes，be-liefs，world outlooks，etc.Now，more and more teachers and researchershave recognized the importance of cultural differ-ences in learning Chinese，and think that the over-seas learners of Chinese should have cross-culturalcommunication awareness.Only after understandingthe daily pragmatic differences in the cross-culturalcommunication between English and Chinese，canthey successfully solve the communication conflicts002caused by different customs，ways of thinking andpsychological characteristics in their daily life andthe process of learning and working.Just like learning English，learning Chinesewell means more than merely mastering the pronun-ciation and tones，grammar，Chinese characters andidioms.It also means learning to see the world asnative Chinese speakers see it，learning the ways inwhich the Chinese language reflects ideas，customs，and the behavior of society.So learning Chinese isinseparable from learning its culture.So in this book，the authors shall attempt tobriefly study some Chinese cultural phenomenawhich differ from that in English(British in fact).There are many such differences and we shall focuson only those language involving daily life，such asaddressing form，greeting，compliment，acknowledge-ments，invitation，refusal，apology，request，taboos，e-uphemism，colorterms，animaltermsandplantterms.In every aspect，the authors not only analyzethe pragmatic features and functions of them in Chi-nese but also highlight the cultural differences car-ried by them that exist in cross-cultural communi-cation between English and Chinese.This book is intended for overseas studentsstudying Chinese in China，teachers with Chinese asPreface003英汉跨文化交际中的汉语日常语用a foreign language，for interpreters and translators；that is，for people who have frequent contact withnative Chinese speakers，or who must use Chinesefrequently.The author just intends to help these peo-ple better understand Chinese cultures to avoid com-munication errors or displeasures.This book consists of thirteen chapters，the firstsix chapters written by Shi Xiuzhen and the restwritten by Qu Ping.Shi Xiuzhen is responsible for thewhole book.During the process of writing，the authorsmake references to some relevant research data，andso take this opportunity to extend the sincere ac-knowledgements.Because the limited capacity,thereare inevitably inadequacies urging readers to givecriticized correct.Shi XiuzhenQu PingDec.2012.004ContentsChapter 1Address form!s（001）Chapter 2Greeting!s（017）Chapter 3Compliment!s（036）Chapter 4Acknowledgement!s（050）Chapter 5Apologie!s（065）Chapter 6Invitation!s（080）Chapter 7Request!s（095）Chapter 8Refusal!s（108）Chapter 9Taboo!s（125）Chapter 10Euphemism!s（142）Chapter 11Color Term!s（156）Chapter 12Animal Term!s（174）Chapter 13Plant Term!s（188）Bibliograph!y（201）Contents001Chapter 1Address FormsIt is very natural for people to greet each other when theymeet，but for the people who learn or use Chinese as a foreignlanguage，the Chinese complicated address terms and appellationswill make them confused，and even if they have learned them byheart，some amusing things would occur sometimes.The Chinese address forms（称呼语）and appellations（称谓语）are different concepts but they are in close relation.Theappellation is the name that people use to introduce the person toothers，indicating the various social relations and social role playedby the person.The address forms refer to the names that people useto greet each ot