区域创新体系中企业主体地位研究_胡凯著.pdf

区域创新体系中企业主体地位研究Study on the Core Status of Enterprise inRegional Innovation System胡凯江 西 出 版 集 团江西科学技术出版社作者简介胡凯，1974 年出生，江西省萍乡市人。MBA，管理学博士，副教授，现为江西农业大学经济贸易学院管理系主任。主持完成省级以上科研课题 2 项，参与课题多项，公开发表论文 10 余篇，主要研究方向为科技创新与人力资源管理。有丰富的管理实践经历，在企业曾从事生产管理、营销管理、综合管理等工作，为企业提供过管理咨询及培训等服务。联系方式:江西农业大学经济贸易学院，330045TEL:13607090855，E mail:carl hu163 com摘要创新是经济增长的源泉，不论是对国家、区域还是企业，创新都是决定竞争优势的最重要因素。为了适应知识经济带来的挑战，提高我国的竞争能力，我国提出了建设创新型国家、提高自主创新能力的战略目标。随着社会、经济、技术的不断进步，创新越来越呈现出一种多主体相互复杂作用的特征，这推动了创新理论的不断演化，区域创新体系理论受到了人们的广泛重视。区域创新体系是由区域内多要素经由以根植性为特征的制度环境所形成的、有利于区域创新活动的系统，区域创新体系的运转效率取决于各要素之间的交互机制。创新从本质上来说是一种为顾客提供新价值的经济活动，正是这种本质决定了企业在区域创新体系中的主体地位。只有确立了企业的主体地位，区域创新体系内各要素才能在利益机制的诱导下，以企业为中枢开展创新活动，区域创新体系才可能是高效的。本书构建了区域创新体系结构图，建立了企业创新活动反馈因果结构模型，从理论上对企业在区域创新体系中的地位进行了分析。本书的一个重要视角是从区域创新绩效来研究企业的创新主体问题，本书将创新分为知识创造和知识应用两个阶段，建立了区域创新绩效评价的两阶段模型，运用 DEA 方法对我国各区域创新绩效进行了分析，发现我国大多数区域创新绩效差的原因在于应用知识转化成生产力的阶段，这说明了企业在这个过程中没有有效地发挥主导作用。本书进一步对企业在我国创新投入、创新执行、创新产出三方面的地位进行了评价，评价时不仅使用了常见的“相对指标”，还使用了“强度指标”。通过评价，我们发现企业在我国创新体系中的主体地位尚未形成，这在我国建设创新型国家中的进程中显然是应该重1点解决的关键问题之一。企业创新主体地位的形成不仅取决于企业自身的努力，比如企业加大创新投入、强化创新管理等;还取决于企业外部因素的影响，市场竞争环境是否完备以及政府是否对企业创新活动提供了有效的支持都将对企业的创新活动乃至企业创新主体地位产生重要影响。基于此，本书分别从市场的、政府的、企业自身的三个方面对进一步完善企业创新主体地位进行了分析。从市场的角度来看，为更好地激发企业以获取经济利润为目的从事创新活动的意愿，为企业提供公平自由的竞争环境、更好地发挥“市场这支看不见的手”对企业经营活动的指导作用，必须要解决企业市场主体地位问题。本文从完善市场经济体制和健全现代企业制度两方面对此进行了论述。从政府的角度来看，要促进企业的创新活动就必须解决企业创新的外部性问题。本文从外部性理论入手，指出政府应对企业创新活动给予一定的支持。本文主要分析了专利制度和政府补贴对企业创新活动的影响，提出了完善专利制度、加大对企业创新活动资金支持、实施税收优惠政策以及政府采购政策等建议。从企业的角度来看，只有具备足够的创新能力才能有效开展创新活动。本文通过对企业创新能力内涵的分析，认为企业应加大创新投入、加强创新人才队伍建设、发挥供应链上各成员的作用、重视顾客需求和价值、采用合作创新模式来提升自身的创新能力。关键词:区域创新体系、创新主体、企业主体地位、企业创新能力ABSTRACTInnovation is the source of economy growth，it is the most importantfactor of competitive advantage，whether to country，region or enter-prise For accommodating the challenges concomitance with knowledgeeconomy，China has brought forward the strategic goal to construct inno-vative country and improve the independence innovation abilities2Along with the ceaseless advance of social，economy and technolo-gy，innovation activities more and more show the character that manyprincipal parts interact complexity，for a result of this，theory of innova-tion evolution continuously Now，theory of regional innovation system(RIS)is accepted by most scholars RIS is one kind of system that con-taining lot components，the components interact under specifically sys-tem circumstance RIS is advantageous for the innovation activity in re-gion The efficiency of RIS depended on the interaction mechanism be-tween these componentsInnovation is a kind of economic active essentially，which providenew value for customers，and it determine the core status of enterprise inRIS No other than establish the core status，the components innovateinduced by the interest mechanism linkage of enterprises Then，the RISmight be high efficiency The dissertation formed the framework of RIS，established the feedback cause and effect model of enterprise innovation，and analyzed the status of enterprise in RIS theoreticallyIt is an important view of the book to study the status of enterprisefrom investigation the innovation performance of RIS We regard the in-novation as a process of two stages，which are knowledge creation andknowledge application，based on that，a two stage model was estab-lished We appraised the innovation performance of each region of Chinausing the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)，and found the reason thatthe bad innovation performance of most Chinese regions should be as-cribed to the stage of knowledge application，most regions could nottransform knowledge to productivity，it means enterprises did not playthe core role in this stageThe book studied farther about the status of enterprise in RIS fromthree aspects，which were innovation input，innovation execution，inno-vation output We not only used the comparatively indexes，but also3used the intensity indexes(absolute indexes)We draw the conclusionthat the core status of enterprise in RIS had not yet formed，and it shouldobviously be the key problem in the process of constructing innovativecountryThe formation of enterprises core status is not only lie on the effortsof enterprise itself，such as increasing the innovation inputs，enhancingthe innovation management，but also depended on some external factorsThe factors would influence the enterprise s core status significantly，such as whether the market competitive circumstance be maturity or not，and whether the government offered valid support or not Based on thededuction，the book studied the strategies how to consummate the enter-prises core status from enterprise，government and marketFrom the point of view of market，it must establish the enterprisescore status in market So it will encourage the desire of enterprise pur-sues innovation for gaining economy profit，it will build fair and freecompetitive circumstance to enterprises operation，and it also will guidethe enterprises operation by market as the invisible hand We discussedthe problem from consummating the market economy system and settingup