三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性_张伟.pdf

2023,31(2):22136,pages 113doi:10.17520/biods.2022136收稿日期:2022-03-27;接受日期:2022-09-21基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900903)、国家自然科学基金(51779105;51979123)和湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2020034)#共同第一作者 Co-first authors*共同通讯作者 Co-authors for correspondence.E-mail:;https:/www.biodiversity-三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性张伟1,2#,翟东东1,2#,熊飞1,2*,刘红艳1,2,陈元元1,王莹1,2,廖传松3,段辛斌4*,田辉伍4,邓华堂4,陈大庆41.江汉大学生命科学学院,湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心,武汉 430056;2.江汉大学持久性有毒污染物环境与健康危害湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430056;3.中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉 430072;4.中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉 430223摘要:物种的功能特征是联系群落结构和功能的关键因素,开展功能多样性研究可以更好地理解群落结构和功能的关系。为了解三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性的空间格局,作者于2019年和2020年对三峡库区库首秭归、库中云阳、库尾巴南及库首支流香溪河下游峡口、库中支流小江下游高阳、库尾支流嘉陵江下游合川等江段的鱼类进行调查,分析了鱼类群落结构和多样性,从摄食、运动和繁殖3个方面探讨了鱼类功能多样性空间格局。在三峡库区及主要支流共采集到鱼类78种,隶属于6目15科56属。各江段以广适性和静水性鱼类为主,其中库首秭归和支流香溪河下游峡口、小江下游高阳江段的短颌鲚(Coiliabrachygnathus)和贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)等静水性鱼类相对丰度较高,库中云阳、库尾巴南和支流嘉陵江下游合川江段的蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)和光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)等广适性鱼类相对丰度较高。非度量多维尺度(non-metricmultidimensional scale,NMDS)和Bray-Curtis相异性指数分析表明,秭归和嘉陵江下游合川江段群落结构差异最大,香溪河下游峡口和小江下游高阳江段群落最为相似。Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon多样性指数(H)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)在干流江段为:秭归 云阳 巴南,支流江段为:嘉陵下游合川 小江下游高阳 香溪河下游峡口。鱼类摄食、运动和繁殖相关的功能多样性在空间上的变化趋势较为一致,库首秭归江段的功能多样性最高,嘉陵江合川江段的功能多样性最低。总功能多样性和物种多样性变化趋势一致,在干流江段为:秭归 云阳 巴南,在支流江段为:嘉陵下游合川 小江下游高阳 香溪河下游峡口。研究结果可为三峡库区鱼类多样性保护和管理提供科学依据,为长江“十年禁渔”效果评估提供本底资料。关键词:三峡库区;鱼类;群落结构;功能多样性;空间格局张伟,翟东东,熊飞,刘红艳,陈元元,王莹,廖传松,段辛斌,田辉伍,邓华堂,陈大庆(2023)三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性.生物多样性,31,22136.doi:10.17520/biods.2022136.Zhang W,Zhai DD,Xiong F,Liu HY,Chen YY,Wang Y,Liao CS,Duan XB,Tian HW,Deng HT,Chen DQ(2023)Community structure and functionaldiversity of fishes in the Three Gorges Reservoir.Biodiversity Science,31,22136.doi:10.17520/biods.2022136.Community structure and functional diversity of fishes in the Three GorgesReservoirWei Zhang1,2#,Dongdong Zhai1,2#,Fei Xiong1,2*,Hongyan Liu1,2,Yuanyuan Chen1,Ying Wang1,2,ChuansongLiao3,Xinbin Duan4*,Huiwu Tian4,Huatang Deng4,Daqing Chen41 School of Life Sciences,Jianghan University,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of SpecialBiological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin,Wuhan 4300562 Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances,Jianghan University,Wuhan 4300563 Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 4300724 Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223ABSTRACTAims:The functional characteristics of species are the key factors linking community structure and function.Studies onfunctional diversity seeks to understand the important relationship between community structure and function.The研究报告张伟等:三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性2023年|31卷|2期|22136|第2页Three Gorges Dam is currently the worlds largest hydropower project.The dams construction blocked fish migration,altered river habitats,and dramatically changed fish species and distribution.Our study contributes to understanding ofthe spatial pattern of fish community structure and diversity after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir andclarifies the relationship between species diversity and functional diversity.Methods:In order to explore the spatial pattern of fish community structure and functional diversity,fieldinvestigations were conducted in the main stream and tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 2019 to 2020.The main stream includes Zigui,Yunyang and Banan which are located in the upper,middle and lower reaches of thereservoir,respectively.The tributaries contain Xiakou(downstream of Xiangxi River),Gaoyang(downstream ofXiaojiang River)and Hechuan(downstream of Jialing River).They are located at the head,middle and end of thereservoir,respectively.We analyzed the structure and diversity of fish communities and explored the spatial patterns offunctional diversity of fish by three characteristics:food acquisition,locomotion and reproduction.Results:A total of 78 species belonging to 6 orders,15 families and 56 genera were collected in the Three GorgesReservoir.Eurytopic and limnophilic fish species dominated the reservoir.The limnophilic species,such as Coiliabrachygnathus and Hemiculter bleekeri,had higher relative abundance in the Zigui,Xiakou and Gaoyang sections.InYunyang,Banan and Hechuan river sections,the relative abundances of eurytopic species such as Saurogobio dabryiand Pelteobagrus nitidus were high.Non-metric multidimensional scales(NMDS)and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indexanalyses indicated that differences in fish community structure were greatest between Hechuan and Zigui,and mostsimilar between Xiakou and Gaoyang.Margalef richness index(D),Shannon diversity index(H)and Pielou evennessindex(E)gradually increased from Zigui,through Yunyang to Banan in the main stream of the reservoir.In thetributaries,species diversity was highest in Xiakou,with lower diversity in Gaoyang and lowest in Hechuan.The spatialvariation of functional diversity related to fish food acquisition,locomotion and reproduction were relatively consistentthroughout the study area.The highest value was obs