固体理论原理_（英）齐曼著.pdf

PRINCIPLES OFTHE THEORY OFSOLIDSBYJ.M.ZIMAN,F.R.S.Melville Wills Professor of Physics in theUniversity of BristolSECONDEDITIONCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESS逢：排挂号业盖出张过战植逢春墟经：话量：非去盛制：器：东话：立PREFACEThe Frontiers of Knowledge(to coin a phrase)are always on themove.Todays discovery will tomorrow be part of the mental furni-ture of every research worker.By the end of next week it will bein every course of graduate lectures.Within the month there will bea clamour to have it in the undergraduate curriculum.Next year,I do believe,it will seem so commonplace that it may be assumedto be known by every schoolboy.The process of advancing the line of settlements,and cultivatingand civilizing the new territory,takes place in stages.The originalpapers are published,to the delight of their authors,and to thecritical eyes of their readers.Review articles then provide crudesketch plans,elementary guides through the forests of the literature.Then come the monographs,exact surveys,mapping out the groundthat has been won,adjusting claims for priority,putting each factor theory into its place.Finally we need textbooks.There is a profound distinction betweena treatise and a textbook.A treatise expounds;a textbook explains.It has never been supposed that a student could get into his head thewhole of physics,nor even the whole of any branch of physics.Hedoes not need to remember what he can easily discover by referenceto monographs,review articles and original papers.But he must learnto read those references:he must learn the language in which theyare written:he must know the basic experimental facts,and generaltheoretical principles,upon which his science is founded.This book aims to present,as simply as possible,the elements ofthe theory of the physics of perfect crystalline solids.It is a bookfull of ideas,not facts.It is an exposition of the principles,not adescription of the phenomena.A theory is an analysis of the properties of a hypothetical model.In physics,which may almost be defined as the intellectual exerciseof subsuming the universe to mathematics,our models are mathe-matical.The theories discussed in this book are mathematicaltheories;the most important concepts in the field,such as the FermiSurface,are abstract mathematical constructions,which cannot beexplained or understood properly without formal analysis.What I have tried to do is to give a self-contained mathematical