经典名方中独活与羌活的本草考证_杜肖.pdf

第 29 卷第 5 期2023年 3 月Vol.29，No.5Mar.，2023中国实验方剂学杂志Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae经典名方中独活与羌活的本草考证杜肖1，2，3，王亚鹏4，钱锦秀4，杨洪军5，刘晖晖2*，詹志来4*（1.中国中医科学院 中药研究所，北京 100700；2.华润三九医药股份有限公司，广东 深圳 518110；3.中国中医科学院 博士后流动站，北京 100700；4.中国中医科学院 中药资源中心，北京 100700；5.中国中医科学院，北京 100700）摘要 通过查阅古代本草、方书、医籍等资料，结合近现代文献，笔者对独活与羌活药材的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、采收加工及炮制方法等进行考证，为经典名方开发中独活与羌活药材的选择与使用提供依据。经考证可知，历史早期独活与羌活混用，南北朝时始见区分，此后历代争议不断，至当代二者方明确区分为 2种中药材；历代多以独活、羌活为正名，亦见有别名及商品名。历代所用之独活植物基原以重齿当归 Angelica biserrata为主流，此外尚有当归属、独活属、楤木属的多种植物作为独活入药；历代所用羌活植物基原则多为羌活 Notopterygium incisum 或宽叶羌活 N.franchetii，基原较为统一。独活、羌活产地多集中于我国西部及西北部地区，其中独活主产于湖北、重庆、四川、陕西等地，以湖北、重庆交界地带所产为道地；羌活主产于四川、甘肃、青海、陕西等地，以四川西部及北部、甘肃南部所产为道地。历代皆于春秋季或农历二、八月份进行采收，独活以主根粗壮、分支少、质地坚实、香气浓郁者为佳，羌活以根茎粗壮，节紧密隆起，外皮紫棕、断面紧实，香气浓郁，类似蚕形者为佳；独活与羌活的炮制方法多为去芦后切制，以生品入药。基于以上考证结果，建议经典名方开发中所用独活选择重齿当归A.biserrata的根，所用羌活选择羌活 N.incisum的根茎及根，原方未注明炮制要求的以生品入药。关键词 经典名方；本草考证；独活；羌活；基原；采收加工；中药炮制中图分类号 R289；R931；R28；G254 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1005-9903（2023）05-0068-16doi 10.13422/ki.syfjx.20220459 增强出版附件 内容详见 http：/或 http：/ 网络出版地址 https:/ 2022-06-08 10:43:15Herbal Textual Research on Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in Famous Classical FormulasDU Xiao1，2，3，WANG Yapeng4，QIAN Jinxiu4，YANG Hongjun5，LIU Huihui2*，ZHAN Zhilai4*（1.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，Beijing 100700，China；2.China Resources Sanjiu Medical&Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.，Shenzhen 518110，China；3.Postdoctoral Station，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，Beijing 100700，China；4.National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，Beijing 100700，China；5.China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，Beijing 100700，China）Abstract By reviewing ancient materia medica，prescription and medical books，combined with modern literature，the paper made textual research on the name，origin，producing area，quality evaluation，harvesting and processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix，so as to provide a basis for the selection and use of these two herbs in the development of famous classical formulas.收稿日期 2022-04-08基金项目 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目（CI2021A03702）；中央本级重大增减支项目（2060302）；国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1711401）第一作者 杜肖，博士，助理研究员，从事中药整合药理学研究、中药药效物质基础研究，E-mail：通信作者 *詹志来，研究员，从事中药品质评价、本草考证、中药标准化研究，Tel：010-64087649，E-mail：；*刘晖晖，高级工程师，从事中药新药开发、中药材资源规划研究，E-mail：68第 29 卷第 5 期2023年 3 月中国实验方剂学杂志Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical FormulaeVol.29，No.5Mar.，2023Through textual research，it can be found that Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix were mixed together in the early history of China，but the distinction was first made during the Southern and Northern dynasties，and since then there have been constant controversies，and it is not until contemporary times that they are distinguished clearly.In the past dynasties，Duhuo and Qianghuo were used as the rectification of names，some aliases and trade names were also seen.Angelica biserrata is the mainstream origin of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in the past dynasties，and there are many plants belonging to Angelica，Heracleum and Aralia，which are also used as this medicine.However，the origin of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix used in the past dynasties is mostly Notopterygium incisum or N.franchetii，which is relatively uniform.The producing areas of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly concentrated in the western and northwestern regions of China，among which Angelicae Pubescentis Radix is mainly produced in Hubei，Chongqing，Sichuan，Shaanxi and other places，and the border area between Hubei and Chongqing is the geo-authentic area.Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix is mainly produced in Sichuan，Gansu，Qinghai，Shaanxi and others with the western and northern Sichuan and southern Gansu as the geo-authentic areas.Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the past dynasties were harvested in spring and autumn，especially in February and August of the lunar calendar.Angelicae Pubescentis Radix with strong main roots，few branches，firm texture and strong aroma is superior，and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with strong rhizomes，tightly raised knots，purple-brown skin，tight cross-section，strong aroma and silkworm-like shape is superior.The processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly cut after cutting the reeds，and the raw product is used as medicine.Based on the above research results，it is recommended that the roots of A.biserrata should be used for Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and the roots of N.incisum should be used for Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the development of famous classical formulas，and raw products should be used in the formulas that do not specify processing requirements.Keywords famous classical formulas；herbal textual research；Angelicae Pubescentis Radix；Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix；origin；harvesting and processing；traditional Chinese medicine processing独活与羌活均可解表、祛风湿、止痹