IEC-Wind_turbine_generator_systems_-_Measurement_of_mechanical_loads_2001.pdf

TECHNICALSPECIFICATIONIEC TS 61400-13First edition2001-06Wind turbine generator systems Part 13:Measurement of mechanical loadsArognrateurs Partie 13:Mesure des charges mcaniquesReference numberIEC/TS 61400-13:2001(E)Publication numberingAs from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the60000 series.For example,IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.Consolidated editionsThe IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications.For example,edition numbers 1.0,1.1 and 1.2 refer,respectively,to the base publication,thebase publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporatingamendments 1 and 2.Further information on IEC publicationsThe technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC,thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology.Information relating tothis publication,including its validity,is available in the IEC Catalogue ofpublications(see below)in addition to new editions,amendments and corrigenda.Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertakenby the technical committee which has prepared this publication,as well as the listof publications issued,is also available from the following:IEC Web Site(www.iec.ch)Catalogue of IEC publicationsThe on-line catalogue on the IEC web site(www.iec.ch/catlg-e.htm)enablesyou to search by a variety of criteria including text searches,technicalcommittees and date of publication.On-line information is also available onrecently issued publications,withdrawn and replaced publications,as well ascorrigenda.IEC Just PublishedThis summary of recently issued publications(www.iec.ch/JP.htm)is alsoavailable by email.Please contact the Customer Service Centre(see below)forfurther information.Customer Service CentreIf you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance,please contact the Customer Service Centre:Email:custserviec.chTel:+41 22 919 02 11Fax:+41 22 919 03 00TECHNICALSPECIFICATIONIECTS 61400-13First edition2001-06Wind turbine generator systems Part 13:Measurement of mechanical loadsArognrateurs Partie 13:Mesure des charges mcaniquesPRICE CODE IEC 2001 Copyright-all rights reservedNo part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronic ormechanical,including photocopying and microfilm,without permission in writing from the publisher.International Electrotechnical Commission3,rue de Varemb Geneva,SwitzerlandTelefax:+41 22 919 0300e-mail:inmailiec.ch IEC web site http:/www.iec.chFor price,see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical CommissionXB 2 TS 61400-13 IEC:2001(E)CONTENTSFOREWORD.4INTRODUCTION.6Clause1General.71.1Scope and object.71.2Normative references.71.3Definitions.71.4Symbols,units and abbreviations.92Safety during testing.103Load measurement programmes.113.1General.113.2Measurement load cases(MLCs).113.3Quantities to be measured.164Measurement techniques.194.1General.194.2Load quantities.194.3Meteorological quantities.234.4Wind turbine operation parameters.244.5Data acquisition.244.6Sensor accuracy and resolution.255Processing of measured data.265.1General.265.2Data validation.265.3Time series and load statistics.275.4Load spectra.285.5Equivalent loads.296Reporting.30Annex A(informative)Co-ordinate systems.32Annex B(informative)Procedure for the evaluation of uncertainties in load measurementson wind turbines.37Annex C(informative)Sample presentation of mechanical load measurements and analysis.47Annex D(informative)Extrapolation to other turbulence conditions.64Bibliography.69TS 61400-13 IEC:2001(E)3 Figure 1 Fundamental wind turbine loads:tower base,tower top,rotor and blades.18Figure A.1 Blade co-ordinate system.32Figure A.2 Hub co-ordinate system.33Figure A.3 Nacelle co-ordinate system.33Figure A.4 Tower co-ordinate system.34Figure A.5 Yaw misalignment.35Figure A.6 Cone angle and tilt angle.35Figure C.1 Meteorological quantities record time series.49Figure C.2 Wind turbine operational quantities record time series.50Figure C.3 Wind turbine mechanical load time series(first minute of record).51Figure C.4 Wind turbine mechanical load time series(first minute of record).52Figure C.5 Azimuthal variation of blade and shaft loads.53Figure C.6 Frequency spectral density functions for blade,rotor and tower loads.54Figure C.7 Fatigue spectra for blade,rotor and tower loads.55Figure C.8 Meteorological quantities statistics.56Figure C.9 Wind turbine operational quantities statistics.57Figure C.10 Blade-root flapwise and lead-lag bending-moment statistics.58Figure C.11 Rotor mechanical load statistics.59Figure C.12 Tower load statistics.60Figure C.13 Fatigue equivalent loads for blade root bending moments and shaft torque.61Figure C.14 Fatigue equivalent loads for rotor yaw and tilt moments and tower torsion.62Figure C.15 Fatigue equivalent loads for tower base bending moment.63Figure D.1 Linear extrapolation of fati