《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》巴拿马大会进展评述_曾岩.pdf

2023,31(2):22687,pages 110doi:10.17520/biods.2022687收稿日期:2022-12-17;接受日期:2023-02-10*通讯作者 Author for correspondence.E-mail:https:/www.biodiversity-濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约巴拿马大会进展评述曾岩1,2*,何拓3,张坤4,廖菁5,朱江1,21.中国科学院动物研究所,北京 100101;2.中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会,北京 100101;3.国家林业和草原局野生动物保护监测中心,北京 100714;4.国家林业和草原局发展研究中心,北京 100714;5.国家林业和草原局国际合作司,北京 100714摘要:濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES公约)第十九次缔约方大会于2022年11月1425日在巴拿马召开。大会审议了52项附录修订提案和91项政策议题,更新了600多种兽类、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物、淡水观赏鱼、海洋动物、树木物种和药用植物的国际贸易监管条件。除确定工作预算、强化重点物种遵约执法、延续土著人民和当地社区及生计议题外、缔约方大会还就议事规则和附录修订标准的修改展开激烈辩论。同时,大会讨论了世界野生动植物贸易报告暂定稿,听取了可持续利用野生物种评估报告决策者摘要,审议了CITES在减少未来与国际野生动植物贸易相关的人畜共患疾病出现的风险方面的作用、CITES与森林以及性别行动计划等新议题。应对新冠疫情带来的挑战,中国履约机构为会议做了充分的前期准备工作,提前两年开展调研,起草了我国向大会提交的附录修订提案和信息文件;与相关缔约方机构开展会前和会上磋商,收集各方信息,积极引导CITES公约会间和会上工作组讨论,呈现了中国重视生态文明建设,承担大国责任的正面形象。关键词:CITES;附录修订;修订标准;国际贸易;可持续利用;积极履约曾岩,何拓,张坤,廖菁,朱江(2023)濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约巴拿马大会进展评述.生物多样性,31,22687.doi:10.17520/biods.2022687.Zeng Y,He T,Zhang K,Liao J,Zhu J(2023)Progress of the Panama Meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Faunaand Flora.Biodiversity Science,31,22687.doi:10.17520/biods.2022687.Progress of the Panama Meeting of the Convention on International Trade inEndangered Species of Wild Fauna and FloraYan Zeng1,2*,Tuo He3,Kun Zhang4,Jing Liao5,Jiang Zhu1,21 Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 1001012 Endangered Species Scientific Commission,P.R.C.,Beijing 1001013 Wildlife Conservation Monitoring Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 1007144 Development Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 1007145 Department of International Cooperation,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714ABSTRACTBackground:The 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties(CoP 19)to the Convention on International Trade inEndangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES)took place in Panama from the 14th to the 25th of November2022.The meeting was attended by 2,500 delegates representing more than 160 Parties and observers to theConvention.The COVID-19 pandemic impacted all CITES Parties and significantly disrupted the implementation ofCITES.The CoP shared the actions and the experiences of the Parties,the Secretariat,the Committee members andobservers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.Progress:Delegates reviewed 52 proposed amendments to the Appendices and discussed 91 agenda items.There wasthe highest proportion of proposals for new Appendix II species but the lowest number of revising annotation proposalsthe CoP 19 has considered in nearly 25 years.The CoP updated the regulation of international trade in over 600 speciesof animals and plants.In the adopted proposals,international trade in 50 species of freshwater turtles,158 species of保护与治理对策曾岩等:濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约巴拿马大会进展评述2023年|31卷|2期|22687|第2页glass frogs,100 species of sharks and rays,150 species of trees and dozens of species of roseroots will be regulated asthe newly revised lists are enforced.The CoP adopted the financing and the cost of the programme of work for thetriennium 20232025,with an overall budget being 6.1%higher compared to the triennium 20202022.The Conferencefurther refined compliance and enforcement requirements for elephants,big cats,totoaba and other wildlife speciesthreatened with extinction.With the implementations of engagement of indigenous peoples and local communities,livelihoods-related issues have been relatively slow and hampered.Parties vigorously debated proposed amendments tothe Rules of Procedure and criteria for the amendments of CITES Appendices,but no substantive amendments wereadopted.A pilot version of the World Wildlife Trade Report and the Assessment Report on the Sustainable Use of WildSpecies:Policy-Maker Summary were discussed and heard.CITES has added several new topics in the CoP to addressnew challenges,such as the role of CITES in reducing the risk of future zoonotic diseases associated with theinternational wildlife trade.The CoP 19 recommends interdisciplinary research to analyze the role of CITES in theconservation and sustainable use of forests.The Parties resolved to work on building gender equality into theinternational trade in wildlife,recognizing that women are often guardians of wildlife and biodiversity but,just as often,are not recognized or benefit from this trade.Prospects:Regardless of the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic,Chinas CITES authorities made thoroughpreparations for the CoP,conducting research two years in advance and drafting a proposal a report which wassubmitted to the CoP 19,organized pre-session and in-session consultations with scientific authorities,collectedinformation from all parties,and actively led the discussions in working groups,presenting a positive view of China inprioritizing ecological civilization and fulfilling its responsibilities as a major country.CITES will celebrate its 50thanniversary in 2023.The record 365 decisions in CoP 19 demonstrate that CITES Parties continue to take actio