220Univ.Chem.2023,38(1),220–226收稿:2022-03-10;录用:2022-05-06;网络发表:2022-05-12*通讯作者,Email:renpeng@hit.edu.cn基金资助:哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)2018年创新实验课立项•化学实验•doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202203020www.dxhx.pku.edu.cn基于氢键诱导理论的有机化学探索实验:(+/−)-2-亚甲基香茅醛的合成与快速鉴定金剑1,杨雪苹1,程景1,任鹏2,*1哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)实验与创新实践教育中心,广东深圳5180552哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)理学院,广东深圳518055摘要:本实验用吡咯烷和4-二甲基氨基苯甲酸作为有机小分子催化剂,催化天然香料(+/−)-香茅醛与甲醛的Aldol缩合反应并脱水合成(+/−)-2-亚甲基香茅醛。基于小分子催化的氢键诱导效应,我们选用二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、无水乙醇三种溶剂进行平行反应,用薄层色谱法监控平行反应的转化速度,筛选相对最佳反应溶剂。同时,我们用共振离域理论解释原料和产物在核磁共振化学位移、薄层色谱比移值、液相色谱保留时间的差异。本实验弥补了有机化学实验在反应条件优化方面的空白。关键词:小分子催化剂;Aldol反应;氢键诱导效应;最佳反应溶剂中图分类号:G64;O6ExploratoryOrganicChemistryExperimentBasedonHydrogenBondInductionTheory:SynthesisandRapidIdentificationof(+/−)-2-MethylenecitronellalJianJin1,XuepingYang1,JingCheng1,PengRen2,*1EducationCenterofExperimentsandInnovations,HarbinInstituteofTechnology(Shenzhen),Shenzhen518055,GuangdongProvince,China.2SchoolofScience,HarbinInstituteofTechnology(Shenzhen),Shenzhen518055,GuangdongProvince,China.Abstract:Inthisexperiment,pyrrolidineand4-dimethylaminobenzoicacidwereusedasorganicsmallmoleculecatalyststocatalyzetheAldolcondensationanddehydrationofnaturalfragrance(+/−)-citronellalwithformaldehydetosynthesize(+/−)-2-methylenecitronellal.Basedonthehydrogenbondinductioneffect,thesolventsdichloromethane,tetrahydrofuran,andanhydrousethanolwereselectedforuseinparallelreactions.Allthereactionsweremonitoredbythin-layerchromatography,andtherelativelyoptimalreactionsolventwasdetermined.Simultaneously,weusedtheresonancedelocalizationtheorytoexplainthedifferenceintheNMRchemicalshifts,thinlayerchromatographyratioshifts,andliquidchromatographyretentiont...