基于模糊数学法评价肥料运筹模式对豫西烤烟产质量的影响_陈培钰.pdf

河南农业科学，2023，52（1）：4252Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciencesdoi：10.15933/ki.10043268.2023.01.005基于模糊数学法评价肥料运筹模式对豫西烤烟产质量的影响陈培钰1，石秋环2，马君红2，李丽华2，李豪豪2，宋正熊2，代晓燕1（1.河南农业大学 烟草学院，烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室，河南 郑州 450002；2.河南省烟草公司洛阳市公司，河南 洛阳 471023）摘要：研究不同肥料配施对烤烟生长及品质的影响，为豫西烟区优化配方施肥及完善烤烟品质综合评价体系提供参考。以当地主栽品种秦烟96为材料，对氮、磷、钾3种肥料因素进行L9（34）正交设计，比较不同施肥模式对烤烟干物质积累、光合性能及烤后烟叶产质量的影响，并应用模糊数学及加权法对烟叶外观质量、化学成分可用性指数（CCUI）及经济效果指数（ECI）进行综合评价。结果表明，随氮用量的增加，烟株净光合速率呈先升高后降低的趋势；中氮处理可提高烤后中上部叶总糖、还原糖含量，协调糖碱比值；高氮处理中上部叶两糖含量降低，中部叶烟碱含量显著增加。同一施氮水平下，增施钾肥可有效提高烤烟的光合指标；高氮水平下，高钾处理烤后中上部叶糖含量、产值及ECI值较低钾处理显著增加。相同氮肥处理下，高磷处理烤烟氯含量较低磷水平显著降低，钾氯比显著增加，外观质量及中部叶致香物质总量明显提高。模糊分析结果表明，氮肥水平一致时，增施磷钾肥可不同程度提高烤烟的外观质量、CCUI及ECI值；中氮处理的烟叶得分较高，其中T5（N2P2K3）处理烤烟干物质积累量明显提高，光合指标和CCUI值显著增加，产值较T8（N3P2K1）处理显著提高96.22%，ECI值及综合评价得分最高。氮、磷、钾肥分别施用60.0、120.0、354.0 kg/hm2时有利于实现烤烟最佳产质效益，可作为豫西烟区推荐施肥模式。关键词：肥料运筹；氮磷钾；烤烟；模糊数学；品质中图分类号：S572文献标志码：A文章编号：1004-3268（2023）01-0042-11收稿日期：2022-08-01基金项目：中国烟草总公司河南省公司科技项目（2020410000270020）；河南省烟草公司洛阳市公司科技专项（2021410300270050）作者简介：陈培钰（1998-），女，河南新密人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：烟草栽培生理与营养。E-mail：通信作者：代晓燕（1979-），女，河南襄城人，副教授，博士，主要从事烟草栽培营养与土壤肥力调控研究。E-mail：Evaluation of the Effect of Fertilizer Operation Mode on Yield andQuality of Fluecured Tobacco in Western Henan Based on FuzzyMathematicsCHEN Peiyu1，SHI Qiuhuan2，MA Junhong2，LI Lihua2，LI Haohao2，SONG Zhengxiong2，DAI Xiaoyan1（1.Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry，College of Tobacco Science，Henan AgriculturalUniversity，Zhengzhou 450002，China；2.Luoyang Tobacco Company of Henan Province，Luoyang 471023，China）Abstract：This experiment studied the effects of different fertilization modes on the growth and quality offluecured tobacco，to provide a reference for optimizing the formula fertilization and improving thecomprehensive evaluation system of fluecured tobacco quality in the tobacco area of western Henan.With the local main cultivar Qinyan 96 as the material，the L9（34）orthogonal design was carried out forthree fertilizer factors of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium，the effects of different fertilization modes onthe accumulation of dry matter，photosynthetic properties，yield and quality of fluecured tobacco were第 1 期compared，and fuzzy mathematics and weighting method were applied to comprehensively evaluate theappearance quality，chemical composition availability index（CCUI）and economic effect index（ECI）oftobacco leaves.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen dosage，the net photosynthetic rate oftobacco plants increased first and then decreased；medium nitrogen treatment could increase the contentof total sugar and reducing sugar in the middle and upper leaves after curing，and coordinate the ratio ofsugar to nicotine；in high nitrogen treatment，the content of two sugars in the middle and upper leavesdecreased，and the content of nicotine in the middle leaves increased significantly.Under the samenitrogen application level，increasing the application of potassium fertilizer could effectively improve thephotosynthetic index of fluecured tobacco；under the high nitrogen level，the sugar content，output valueand ECI value of the middle and upper leaves after roasting in the high potassium treatment weresignificantly increased compared with those in the low potassium treatment.Under the same nitrogenlevel，the chlorine content of fluecured tobacco in high phosphorus treatment was significantly reduced，the potassium chlorine ratio was significantly increased，the appearance quality and the total amount ofaroma substances were significantly improved.The results of fuzzy analysis showed that when the nitrogenfertilizer level was the same，increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer couldimprove the appearance quality，CCUI and ECI values of fluecured tobacco to varying degrees.Thetobacco leaves treated with medium nitrogen had higher scores，among them，T5（N2P2K3）treatmentsignificantly increased the dry matter accumulation，photosynthetic index and CCUI value of fluecuredtobacco，and the output value was significantly increased by 96.22%compared with T8（N3P2K1）treatment，the ECI value and comprehensive evaluation score were the highest.Under the conditions ofthis study，the application of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at 60.0，120.0，354.0 kg/ha，respectively，is conducive to achieving the best yield and quality benefits of fluecured tobacco，and couldbe used as the recommended fertilization mode in western Henan tobacco region.Key words：Fertilizer operation；Nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium；Fluecured tobacco；Fuzzymathematics；Quality豫西烟区是优质烟原料的主产区之一，秦烟96作为当地主栽品种，具有较强的抗旱性，其优良的品种特性深受卷烟工业的青睐1。近年来，随着施肥结构的不均衡，烟株的需肥规律与土壤养分矿化规律不一致2，致使秦烟96品种特性出现弱化，表现为抗病性变差，成熟落黄滞后，化学成分不协调，产质矛盾逐渐显现，制约着该品种优质烟叶的形成3。因此，结合豫西烟区生态环境，因地制宜地对主栽品种进行关键栽培技术的优化，充分发挥烤烟品种潜力，对实现烟叶优质适产及满足工业原料需求具有重要意义。在特定的环境和品种条件下，养分管理是调控烟叶产质量的关键技术，协调的养分供给对烟叶品质的影响仅次于品种，也是决定烟叶产量和产值的第一要素4。氮是影响烤烟生长及品质形成最重要的营养元素5。已有研究表明，豫西烟区种植品种的常规施氮量一般在 37.5 kg/hm2左右6，增加氮肥用量，施用纯氮 60 kg/hm2时，秦烟 96 烟株农艺性状、抗病性及烤后烟叶外观质量表现较好7。另还有研究表明，在一定的磷钾肥配比下，氮肥用量为45 kg/hm2时，烟株对氮素的利用率最高，施氮量超过45 kg/hm2时反而使氮素利用率