基于红外相机调查上海市区小...地利用及其对人类活动的响应_王怡涵.pdf

2023,31(2):22294,pages 110doi:10.17520/biods.2022294收稿日期:2022-06-01;接受日期:2022-08-08基金项目:国家自然科学基金(32270543)和兽类红外相机调查(上海半封闭生境区域试点)2020(SGH1322202)*通讯作者 Author for correspondence.E-mail:https:/www.biodiversity-基于红外相机调查上海市区小灵猫的活动节律、栖息地利用及其对人类活动的响应王怡涵,赵倩倩,刁奕欣,顾伯健,翁悦,张卓锦,陈泳滨,王放*复旦大学生命科学学院生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海 200438摘要:快速的城市化进程使城市生物多样性保护面临巨大挑战。小灵猫(Viverricula indica)作为国家一级重点保护野生动物,对其在城市环境下分布和栖息地的研究存在显著空缺。本研究基于红外相机监测技术,在2020年6月至2021年10月调查了上海新江湾区域25个位点,累计总有效红外相机工作日1,581 d,在9个位点独立探测到小灵猫65次。基于红外相机影像完成了对小灵猫初步的个体识别,探明了上海市新江湾区域存在一个至少包含5只小灵猫个体的极小种群。研究发现,小灵猫的活动节律呈严格夜行性,日活动曲线呈双峰分布,活动高峰分别出现在夜间21:00和凌晨02:00前后。小灵猫对于人类活动和流浪猫呈现不同程度的时间和空间回避,与人类活动时间重叠度指数低(=0.15),并显著回避人类相对活动高的区域;与流浪猫活动空间回避不显著,但在时间上显著回避。在栖息地利用上,小灵猫多分布在新江湾区域靠近水域的林灌丛生境中,其适宜生境在城市环境中很可能处于快速退缩中,具有独特的研究和保护价值。研究结果初步填补了国内相关研究空缺,能够为推动以小灵猫为代表的城市生物多样性的保护和管理提供科学支持。关键词:小灵猫;红外相机;日活动节律;栖息地选择;城市生物多样性王怡涵,赵倩倩,刁奕欣,顾伯健,翁悦,张卓锦,陈泳滨,王放(2023)基于红外相机调查上海市区小灵猫的活动节律、栖息地利用及其对人类活动的响应.生物多样性,31,22294.doi:10.17520/biods.2022294.Wang YH,Zhao QQ,Diao YX,Gu BJ,Weng Y,Zhang ZJ,Chen YB,Wang F(2023)Diel activity,habitat utilization,and response to anthropogenicinterference of small Indian civets(Viverricula indica)in Shanghai urban areas based on camera trapping.Biodiversity Science,31,22294.doi:10.17520/biods.2022294.Diel activity,habitat utilization,and response to anthropogenic interference ofsmall Indian civets(Viverricula indica)in Shanghai urban areas based oncamera trappingYihan Wang,Qianqian Zhao,Yixin Diao,Bojian Gu,Yue Weng,Zhuojin Zhang,Yongbin Chen,FangWang*Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering,School of Life Sciences,FudanUniversity,Shanghai 200438ABSTRACTAims:Rapid urbanization processes have brought great challenges to the conservation of urban biodiversity.The smallIndian civet(Viverricula indica)is a national first-class key protected wild animal,yet ecological research about itswild populations in urban environments is rare.The aims of this study are to:(1)understand how small Indian civetsrespond to stray cats and human activities in time and space in urban landscapes;(2)investigate the habitatcharacteristics of small Indian civets in a human-dominated landscape;and(3)evaluate habitat changes of small Indiancivets during the time period of 20002020.Methods:We used infrared camera traps to investigate the small Indian civets in the urban environment.From June2020 to October 2021,we conducted camera trap surveys at 25 sites in the Xinjiangwan area,Yangpu District,研究报告王怡涵等:基于红外相机调查上海市区小灵猫的活动节律、栖息地利用及其对人类活动的响应2023年|31卷|2期|22294|第2页Shanghai.We conducted individual identification,and then analyzed species diel activity pattern and measured theoverlapping index and calculated the avoidance-attraction ratios between small Indian civets and stray cats and humans,respectively.In addition,we calculated the relative abundance index(RAI)of humans,stray cats,and birds,and used anindependent sample t-test to test the site differences where small Indian civets were detected and not detected.Lastly,we utilized remote sensing data to analyze the landscape changes of small Indian civet habitat during the time period of20002020.Results:We have achieved a sampling effort of 1,581 camera days,and obtained 65 independent small Indian civetdetections at night sites.We identified 5 small Indian civet individuals.The diel activity pattern of small Indian civetwas strictly nocturnal,with two nighttime activity peaks around 21:00 and 02:00.The temporal overlap index of smallIndian civet and human activities was 0.15,and that of stray cats was 0.66.The avoidance-attractive ratio between smallIndian civet and stray cats was 9.94 7.84.Human activity at sites where small Indian civets were detected wassignificantly less than that of the sites where the species was not undetected(t=2.539,P=0.021).Landscape analysisresults indicated that most of the green space was replaced by artificial landscapes,and the degree of fragmentation andisolation increased during the past two decades.Conclusion:Small Indian civets demonstrate spatial and temporal avoidance to human activities and stray cats.Theexisting landscapes that are potentially suitable for small Indian civet are fragmented,and immediate actions are neededto conserve the remaining small Indian civet population in urban landscapes.Keywords:small Indian civet;camera trapping;diel activity pattern;habitat selection;urban biodiversity2021年,全球57%的人口居住在城市,这一数值预计将在2050年增至68%(https:/ et al,2016;Chen et al,2021),导致城市生物多样性快速下降(Wan et al,2018;Piano et al,2020;Dri et al,2021)。以上海市为例,作为我国超大城市之一,上海本土野生兽类组成丰富,但随着城市化程度不断增加,国家一级重点保护野生动物大灵猫(Viverra zibetha)和国家二级重点保护野生动物欧 亚 水 獭(Lutra lutra)、豹 猫(Prionailurusbengalensis)和赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)已在上海消失(上海市农林局,2004;上海市野生动植物保护管理站,2011);曾在上海郊区普遍分布的狗獾(Melesleucurus)仅存奉贤区和松江区零星分布点(崔勇勇等,2013;吴彤等,2017)。因此,如何对城市现存的野生动物开展行之有效的研究和管理,是当下城市生物多样性保护面临的巨大挑战之一(Huang et al,2018)。小灵猫(Viverricula indica)是国家一级重点保护野生动物(蒋志刚等,2021),曾广泛分布于南方城市与城郊生态系统中,分布区域也包括上海市区 上海市野生动植物保护管理站(2011)2011年上海市野生动物监测与管理调查报告.(https:/ et al,