TBM掘进煤矿巷道装配式支护结构足尺试验_唐彬.pdf

水利与土木工程DOI:10.15961/j.jsuese.202101115TBM掘进煤矿巷道装配式支护结构足尺试验唐彬1,2,3，孙长红1，程桦1*，王要平4，曹伟5，张大欢4，黄志鸿1，刘子默1，唐永志4，王传兵4(1.安徽理工大学 土木建筑学院，安徽 淮南 232001；2.安徽理工大学 深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室，安徽 淮南 232001；3.安徽建筑大学 建筑结构与地下工程安徽省重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230601；4.淮南矿业（集团）有限责任公司，安徽 淮南 232001；5.沈阳天安科技股份有限公司，辽宁 沈阳 113122)摘要：随着全断面掘进机（TBM）在煤矿深井岩巷掘进中的推广应用，不良地层已成为影响TBM掘进煤矿深井岩巷施工安全性和掘进效率的主要因素。为解决TBM在煤矿不良地层中巷道围岩支护困难的问题，提出了TBM掘进煤矿巷道装配式支护结构，并加工制作了装配式支护结构足尺模型，使用煤矿井巷支护结构大型试验平台，开展不同侧压系数下的支护结构足尺加载试验；通过拉杆式位移计监测支护结构关键节点位移，采用应变片监测支护结构足尺模型应变分布演化规律，同时搭建足尺模型变形摄影测量监测系统，监测获得足尺模型变形数据；开展侧压系数为=1.0和1.5两种加载条件下的装配式支护结构足尺模型均载和非均载试验；试验研究装配式巷道支护结构的变形破坏形态、承载力和应变分布特征，厘定支护结构承载能力的影响因素，揭示支护结构失稳破坏机理；开展支护结构数值试验，获得足尺模型试验中难以监测的轴力、弯矩等参数。结果表明：支护结构在管片接头和跨中首先出现局部失稳，进而导致结构整体失稳；侧压系数=1.0和1.5时，支护结构极限承载力分别为3 972.2和2 763.2 kN；随侧压系数提高，支护结构承载力呈指数型下降，结构变形破坏也更为明显；足尺模型试验中支护结构极限承载力略小于数值试验，足尺模型试验和数值试验结果一致性较好；均载试验中，支护结构接头处轴力较大，接头和管片跨中处弯矩较大，弯矩均为正值，而非均载试验中，支护结构轴力略有降低，弯矩值正负皆有，且弯矩值高于均载试验值。关键词：全断面掘进机；煤矿巷道；支护结构；足尺试验；数值分析中图分类号：TD353文献标志码：A文章编号：2096-3246（2023）02-0242-10Full Scale Model Tests of Fabricate Support Structure for TBM-excavated Coal Mine RoadwaysTANG Bin1,2,3，SUN Changhong1，CHENG Hua1*，WANG Yaoping4，CAO Wei5，ZHANG Dahuan4，HUANG Zhihong1，LIU Zimo1，TANG Yongzhi4，WANG Chuanbing4(1.School of Civil Eng.and Architecture,Anhui Univ.of Sci.and Technol.,Huainan 232001,China;2.State Key Lab.of Mining Response and DisasterPrevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines,Anhui Univ.of Sci.and Technol.,Huainan 232001,China;3.Anhui Province Key Lab.of BuildingStructure and Underground Eng.,Anhui Jianzhu Univ.,Hefei 230601,China;4.Huainan Mining Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Huainan 232001,China;5.Shenyang Tianan Technol.Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 113122,China)Abstract:With the popularization and application of tunnel boring machine(TBM)in the rock roadway excavation of deep coal mines,the badformation had become the main factors that influence the safety and working efficiency of TBM excavated deep-buried coal mine roadways.Tosolve the problems of supporting TBM excavated coal mine roadways in undesirable grounds,the fabricated support structure for TBM excavatedcoal mine roadways was proposed and the full-scale models of fabricated support structure were manufactured.The Full-scale loading tests of the收稿日期:2021 11 07基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51804006）；深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室自主课题项目（SKLMRDPC20ZZ04）；建筑结构与地下工程安徽省重点实验室开放基金项目（KLBSUE202002）作者简介:唐彬（1987），男，副教授，博士.研究方向：矿山建设工程.E-mail：*通信作者:程桦，E-mail：hcheng_网络出版时间:2022 10 11 11:26:33 网络出版地址:https:/ http:/http:/ 第 55 卷 第 2 期工 程 科 学 与 技 术Vol.55 No.22023 年 3 月ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCESMar.2023supporting structure under different lateral pressure coefficients were carried out to study the deformation and failure form,bearing capacity,andstrain distribution characteristics of the prefabricated roadway support structure,the influencing factors of the supporting structure bearing capa-city were determined and the failure mechanism of the support structure was revealed.Moreover,numerical tests of support structures were con-ducted to obtain parameters such as axial force and bending moment that were difficult to be monitored in experimental tests.The partial failurefirst appeared at the segment joints and the middle portion of the segments,which in turn led to the overall instability of the structure.When thelateral pressure coefficient=1.0 and 1.5,the ultimate bearing load of the support structure was 3 972.2 and 2 763.2 kN,respectively.With the in-crease of the lateral pressure coefficient,the bearing capacity of the support structure decreased exponentially,and the deformation and failure ofthe structure became more obvious.The ultimate bearing capacities of the supporting structures in the mechanical test were slightly smaller thanthat of the numerical tests,and the results of the mechanical test and the numerical test were in good agreement.In the uniform load test,the axialforce at the joints of the supporting structure was relatively large,the bending moments at the mid-span of the joints and segments were large,andthe bending moments were positive.In the non-uniform load test,the axial force of the supporting structure was slightly reduced.The bendingmoment values were both positive and negative,and the bending moment was higher than that of the uniform load test.Key words:tunnel boring machine;coal mine roadways;support structure;full-scale test;numerical analysis 长期以来，由于掘进机械破岩能力的限制，中国煤矿硬岩巷道掘进常使用钻爆法，且多采用风动凿岩机钻孔、人工装填炸药，施工危险性高，劳动强度大，机械化程度低。这导致岩巷掘进施工人员众多，工作环境恶劣，岩巷掘进已成为煤矿人身安全事故和职业病的高发区1。全断面掘进机（tunnel boring machine，TBM）是一种靠旋转并推进刀盘,通过布置在刀盘上的盘形滚刀破碎岩石而使隧洞全断面一次成形的设备2。TBM破岩能力强，自动化程度高，破岩、装岩、运输及支护各工序同步进行，施工安全高效3。近年来，TBM已被用于淮南、阳泉、新汶等多个矿区深井煤矿岩巷掘进工程，使煤矿巷道掘进效率相比钻爆法提高了510倍，达500 m/月以上，打破了煤矿深井巷道全断面机械化快速掘进的瓶颈，取得理想的社会经济效益4。TBM掘进煤矿深井硬岩巷道的工程实践表明，煤矿深部地层地质条件复杂，巷道围岩条件变化较大。当TBM掘进穿越软岩或破碎地层时，需停止掘进，清理碎岩、补打锚杆或锚索，导致TBM在煤矿软弱或破碎地层中掘进效率不足10 m/d，严重限制了TBM的掘进效率的充分发挥5。同时，软弱或破碎地层采用锚杆支护，支护强度偏弱，导致巷道变形较大，碎岩冒落偶有发生。随着煤矿小型TBM化发展，逼仄的巷道空间更是限制了锚杆长度和锚固深度。因此，TBM掘进煤矿深井岩巷需要1种支护强度高、拆装便捷、尺寸重量小、施工成本低的支护结构。当前，煤矿复杂地层多采用拱架支护结构。国内外学者在拱架荷载特性、承载能力及支护机理方面开展了大量的研究。何