J.Geogr.Sci.2023,33(4):779-800DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-023-2106-x©2023SciencePressSpringer-VerlagQuantitativeidentificationandtheevolutioncharacteristicsofproduction–living–ecologicalspaceinthemountainousarea:FromtheperspectiveofmultifunctionallandJIZhengxin1,2,LIUChao3,*XUYueqing1,2,SUNMinxuan1,2,WEIHejie4,SUNDanfeng1,2,LIYaoyao1,2,ZHANGPing1,2,SUNQiangqiang1,21.CollegeofLandScienceandTechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100193,China;2.KeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalLandQuality,MinistryofNaturalResources,Beijing100193,China;3.CollegeofPublicAdministration,CentralChinaNormalUniversity,Wuhan430079,China;4.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences,HenanAgriculturalUniversity,Zhengzhou450002,ChinaAbstract:Developedhereisanintegratedframeworkforidentifyingproduction–living–eco-logicalspace(PLES)quantitativelyatgridscalefromtheperspectiveofmultifunctionlanduse,and25compoundspacetypesareclassifiedtohighlightthemultiplefunctionsofPLES.AsatypicalmountainouscityinnorthernHebeiprovince,Zhangjiakouisusedasacasestudy,andtheresultsshowthatmorethan80%ofthelandspaceinZhangjiakouhasremarkabletriplefunctionality.Theliving-dominatedspaceandtheproduction-dominatedspacearedis-tributedmainlyinthevalleysoftheYanghe,Sanggan,andHuliuriversandhaveobviousspatialconsistency,whiletheecological-dominatedspaceisconcentratedmostlyattheeasternYanshanMountainsandsouthernTaihangMountainsandcomplementstheothertwotypesofspace.Theformertwoarespatiallyfragmented,whilethelatterhasbeenex-pandingtotheperipheryovertime.From1990to2015,theecological-dominatedspacehasincreasedthemostby1555.02km2,whiletheliving-dominatedspacehasincreasedtheleastby816.79km2.ThetypesofPLESaremorediverseinthemediumandlowmountainsandtheareaswithgentleslope,andtheinfluencingfactorsincludenaturalecologicalenvironment,socioeconomicdevelopment,humanconsumptiondemand,andinstitutionalpolicies.There-fore,thesefindingscanmitigateconflictsamongPLESinmountainousandsimilarareas,andpromotethebalanceddevelopmentoflandspa...
