1985—2015年洛川塬...影响——以陕西省洛川县为例_张瑞华.pdf

收稿日期：2022-01-12；录用日期：2022-03-28；网络出版：2022-04-15Received Date:2022-01-12;Accepted Date:2022-03-28;Online first:2022-04-15基金项目：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B 类）（XDB40000000）；国家自然科学基金项目（41790444）Foundation Item:Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB40000000);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41790444)通信作者：金 钊，E-mail：Corresponding Author:JIN Zhao,E-mail:研究论文ARTICLEVol.14 No.1 Feb.2023 DOI:10.7515/JEE222037地 球 环 境 学 报Journal of Earth EnvironmentJEE引用格式：Citation:张瑞华,金 钊,杨思齐,等.2023.1985 2015 年洛川塬土地利用/覆被变化及人类活动影响以陕西省洛川县为例 J.地球环境学报,14(1):74 85.Zhang R H,Jin Z,Yang S Q,et al.2023.Land use/land cover change and impacts of human activities in Luochuan tableland in 19852015:a case study of the Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province,China J.Journal of Earth Environment,14(1):74 85.1985 2015 年洛川塬土地利用/覆被变化及人类活动影响以陕西省洛川县为例张瑞华1，金 钊1,2,3*，杨思齐2,4，彭建兵11.长安大学 地质工程与测绘学院，西安 7100542.中国科学院地球环境研究所 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室，西安 7100613.中国科学院第四纪科学与全球变化卓越中心，西安 7100614.北京师范大学 全球变化与地球系统科学研究院，北京 100875Land use/land cover change and impacts of human activities in Luochuan tableland in 19852015:a case study of the Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province,ChinaZHANG Ruihua1,JIN Zhao1,2,3*,YANG Siqi2,4,PENG Jianbing11.School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Changan University,Xian 710054,China 2.State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xian 710061,China摘 要：洛川塬是黄土高原第二大黄土塬面，也是黄土高原面积最大的苹果种植区。近几十年来，由于塬面高强度人类活动影响，洛川塬沟道侵蚀剧烈，塬面萎缩呈现逐年加剧的趋势，严重影响了塬区的生产、生活和生态安全。因此，清晰了解近几十年来洛川塬土地利用/覆被变化及人类活动影响，对于洛川塬的保护和水土流失治理至关重要。本文使用遥感、地理信息系统和数学方法，以洛川塬主体洛川县为例，对洛川县 1985 年、2000 年和 2015 年的土地利用数据进行了解译，分别从土地利用变化速度、转移方向和土地利用程度三方面综合分析了洛川县近 30 a 土地利用时空变化的规律及人类活动影响。研究结果表明：（1）1985 2015 年洛川县主要的土地利用类型为林地、草地和耕地，三者面积占比达 91.29%；近 30 a 土地利用变化最大的特点为建设用地面积持续增加且增幅最大，共增加了117.16 km2，年均增加 5.11%，其中 1985 2000 年建设用地面积增加了 38.13 km2，2000 2015 年增加了79.03 km2，建设用地面积的增加主要由耕地转入；（2）近 30 a 人类活动对洛川县土地利用变化的影响主要体现在林地、草地、耕地、建设用地之间的转换；前 15 a（1985 2000 年）林草地面积减少，耕地和建设用地面积增加；后 15 a（2001 2015 年）林草地和建设用地面积增加，耕地面积减少；（3）近 30 a洛川县的综合土地利用动态度呈现增加趋势但增幅较小，前 15 a（1985 2000 年）综合土地利用动态指数小于后 15 a（2001 2015 年），表明后期人类活动对土地利用综合开发利用起到积极的影响。关键词：洛川县；土地利用/覆被变化；人类活动；Landsat 影像第 1 期张瑞华，等：19852015 年洛川塬土地利用/覆被变化及人类活动影响以陕西省洛川县为例75DOI:10.7515/JEE2220373.CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change,Xian 710061,China4.College of Global Change and Earth System Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China Abstract:Background,aim,and scope Loess tableland is the most valuable land resource on the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP).However,the plateau surface of the loess tableland has experienced serious soil and water loss due to headward erosion.Luochuan County of Shaanxi Province is the main body of the Luochuan tableland,which is the second largest tableland on the CLP.In recent years,an increasing number of studies have focused on gully consolidation and tableland protection in Luochuan County.However,information on land use and land cover change,especially the expansion of urban areas on the tableland of Luochuan County,is rare.In this study,the land use and land cover change in Luochuan County between 1985 and 2015 was characterized,and the aim was to quantify the dynamics of land use/land cover change and elucidate the impacts of human activities.Materials and methods Landsat images were collected,and the sensor types were TM and OLI.The spatial resolution of the Landsat images was 30 m.All images were pre-processed and classified by ENVI software.ArcGIS and Google Earth software were used to interpret the results of supervised classification to improve the accuracy of the results.Results(1)Woodland,grassland and arable land were the main land use types in Luochuan County between 1985 and 2015,occupying more than 90%of the total land area.During the past 30 years,the area of construction land exhibited the most significant increase;specifically,the area increased by 117.16 km2,and the annual rate of increase was 5.11%.In 1985 2000,the area of construction land increased by 38.13 km2,and in 2000 2015,the area of construction land increased by 79.03 km2.(2)Over the past 30 years,the main characteristics of land use change were the mutual conversions of woodland,grassland,arable land and construction land.In the first 15 years(1985 2000),the woodland and grassland showed a change pattern of first decreasing and then increasing;in the latter 15 years(20012015),the arable land showed a change pattern of first increasing and then decreasing.The areas of unused land and waterbodies changed less during the past 30 years.(3)Over the past 30 years,the comprehensive land use dynamics in Luochuan County showed an increasing trend,which indicated that human activities have gradually increased in the area.However,human activities are changing to a conservation role based on the directions of land use change in Luochuan County.Discussion In 1985 2015,the land use and land cover patterns in Luochuan County changed greatly,and the change pat