2023学年中考英语易错易丢分专题14宾语从句和定语从句含解析.doc

宾语从句和定语从句 丢分题详解 【2023年 • 四川省凉山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it? —OK. I bought it in a store online. A. where you bought B. where do you buy C. when you buy D. when did you buy 【参考答案】 【试题解析】句意：——西蒙，你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除B、D。从I bought it in a store online. 判断句子询问在哪里买的，用where 引导。故选A。 丢分探因 此题考查宾语从句，学生想做对宾语从句的题，必须掌握住三个原则：一、宾语从句应用陈述语序；二、宾语从句的时态应和主句保持一致；三、选择正确的宾语从句引导词。此题中A项和C项都是陈述语序，根据句意可知此处问的是他在哪里买的衣服，故选where作引导词。 查漏补缺 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 【辨析】宾语从句的引导词 引导词 引导词的作用 例句 that 无意义，只起连接作用，常可省略 He said （that） Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。 what，which， who，whose， whom等连接代词 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们打算干什么。 when，where，why，how等连接副词 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗？ if，whether 意为＂是否＂，不作句子成分，但不能省略 He asked me if she was a teacher. 他问我她是否是一位老师。 【典例】—We don’t know _______________. —It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【答案】C 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. 2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。 Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is? Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 【典例】Miss Green didn’t tell us _______________ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【答案】D 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，故选D。 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow. I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 【典例】1. Would you please tell me _______________? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game 【答案】D 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。 2. I don’t know when _______________. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【答案】B 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B项在语序和时态上符合要求。 2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the US soon. 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. He told me that the earth is round. 【特别提醒】否定转移 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等词时，要将从句的否定转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I don’t think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。 方法技巧 宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。 一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。 陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替; 特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。 二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。 主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意； 主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。 三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。 丢分题详解 【2023年 • 吉林省中考】Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students. A. which B. who C. where 【参考答案】B 【试题解析】句意＂布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师＂。本题考查定语从句。A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。 丢分探因 做定语从句的题时，可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词，要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分，从而做出正确的判断。 。 一、 关系代词 关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破； which表物人用who，人物都有that顾； which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know； who作主语很称职，whom用到宾语里。 二、 that用法 that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去； 逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。 that和which的区别 that which代表物，区别听我来叙述； 先行若是不定代，that就把which踹； 先行词前有两数，就用that定无误； 先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑； 句中若有there be，that应把which替； 先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里； just， the only，very，same，last其后也要用that。 三、 四、 指人的关系代词 指人可用that, who，以下情况多用who； those people作先行，there be的结构中； 先行指人不定代，从中作主who要在； 两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才。 五、 whose的用法 定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲；