从文化翻译观看汉语习语的英译英语学专业.docx

从文化翻译观看汉语习语的英译 [Abstract] Domestication and foreignization are the terms brought up by an American scholar L.Venuti to describe the two different translation strategies. The former refers to translation in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers, while the latter designates the type of translation in which a target text deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the source text. Translation, generally speaking, is not only a transition between different languages, but also transferring information of culture in the source language to that in the target language. And the nature of translation is cultural communication. Since 1980s, many scholars put forward their own opinions upon domestication and foreignization under the light of cultural translation. In their opinion, the fundamental task of translation is to transfer the original contents and cultures completely into the target language. During translation, translators should consider not only differences between languages but also those between cultures. Therefore, translators should put more emphasis on foreignization. Take Chinese idioms for example. Since the exchanges among different countries and regions become more and more frequent, translators should put more emphasis on foreignization in translating Chinese idioms into English. During translation, translators should facsimile as much as possible the cultural features and connotations of Chinese idioms. In this way, English people can know more and better about China and really contact with the sophisticated Chinese culture. Meanwhile, to some extent, foreignization can help to spread unique Chinese cultural message and even help to enhance cultural communication between China and foreign countries.      [Key Words] domestication; foreignization; cultural translation theory; Chinese idioms 【摘 要】归化与异化是两种不同的翻译策略。译界有许多学者对此发表了许多的观点。归化与异化之争由来已久，从古至今，从西方到中国，归化与异化都是学者译者们争论的热门话题之一。翻译基本上是一种语言转换活动但又不是一项纯粹的语言转换活动，它还牵涉到种种非语言因素，特别是牵涉到种种文化因素。翻译不仅是语言层面更是文化层面上的一种活动，其本质是文化交流。自20世纪80年代后，许多学者针对归化与异化提出了应该从文化角度来审视二者的观点。孙致礼在《翻译的异化与归化》中提到: “翻译的根本任务是准确而完整地传达原作的 ‘思想’和 ‘风味’。在翻译中，译者不仅要考虑语言的差异，还要密切注视文化的差异，力求最大限度地保存原文所蕴涵的异域文化特色。如果不是万不得已，特别不宜归化，而要尽可能真实地传达出来。” “归化主要表现在 ‘纯语言层面’，在 ‘文化层面’上则应力求最大限度的异化。”以汉语习语为例，在当今跨文化交流不断发展的趋势下，译者在翻译中应多从文化的角度考虑，适度加以应用 “异化”策略及其方法，尽可能重现汉语习语的文化特征及内涵，让西方人更多更好地了解中国，接触中华民族博大精深的文化，同时也有利于传播中国独有的文化气息，进而有利于实现中国与世界各国进一步交流。 [关键词] 归化;异化;文化翻译观;汉语习语 1.  On cultural translation theory Cultural translation is discussed in the broad context of culture. It includes an analysis of the surface and deep structures of culture and language, and the examination of the internal context between culture and translation as well as the objective laws pertaining to their interaction. In late 1980s, many scholars began to give their own opinions on translation from the perspective of culture. Umberto Eco considered that translation equals to culture, that is to say, the translation activity is a kind of cultural transportation. “ Lambert and Robyns held that translation should be treated as not only an activity between two languages but also a communicative activity between two cultures. Nida pointed out: for a truly successful translation, bicultural ability is much more important than bilingual ability” [1] p70. Some scholars suggested that culture but not text should be regarded as the translation unit and translators should pay more attention to culture during translation. To some extent, those views became symbols of formation of cultural translation theory. Different cultures have different features. Culture indicates a nation, region or a race’s feature. And the communication of different cultures needs translation. Translation is the production and intermedium of cultural communication. “Translation reflects the features of both cultures when one language and culture is translated into another. And the aim of translation is to transfer the source culture into the target culture” [2] p24. “Wang Zuoliang pointed out: The difference between two cultures is the most difficult thing in translation, so translators should have a good knowledge of both the foreign culture and the native culture. The more translators understand the cultural information, the more possibly they can master the language and reproduce the original culture. Han Ziman viewed that the features of culture have an effect on the whole translation activities and the vise versa is also true” [3] p116. Therefore, the transference of cultural information should play a key role in translation. In the broad context of culture, translation means not only one language being transferred into another but also a communication between two cultures. And the purpose of translation is to promote cultural communication. Translation is a kind of cultural activity that translators reproduce the original culture in the target text. Cul