2020中国高校毕业生职业发展研究与展望-全球化智库x领英中国-202010.pdf

高校校友观察中国高校毕业生职业发展研究与展望 2020University Alumni Insights:Chinese Graduate Career Development Prospects 2020 全球化智库（CCG）领英中国（LinkedIn）课 题 组课题组顾问：王辉耀：全球化智库（CCG）主任、西南财经大学发展研究院院长课题组成员：苗 绿：全球化智库（CCG）副主任、中国国际人才专业委员会秘书长李 庆：全球化智库（CCG）人才国际化研究组总监、副研究员陈肖肖：全球化智库（CCG）人才国际化研究组项目经理、副研究员吴梦启：全球化智库（CCG）副研究员李仲遨：全球化智库（CCG）人才国际化研究组研究助理刘淦谦：全球化智库（CCG）人才国际化研究组研究助理王子怡：全球化智库（CCG）人才国际化研究组研究助理领英中国经济图谱团队：王延平：领英中国公共事务总经理任 玥：领英中国公共事务顾问、经济图谱项目负责人周轶群：领英中国首席数据科学家黄祎琳：领英中国数据科学家蔡佩颖：领英经济图谱首席数据科学家瑞秋鲍利：领英经济图谱高级数据科学家孙菁泽：领英中国公共事务顾问魏 岩：领英中国公共事务顾问刘雨菡：领英中国公共事务顾问马盈青：领英中国公共事务顾问本研究由全球化智库（CCG）和领英中国经济图谱团队合作完成，特别感谢领英经济图谱团队在数据分析方面给予的支持。获取电子版请联系 全球化智库/LinkedIn（领英）2020 版权所有10/2020I中国高校毕业生发展洞察与展望全球化发展面临诸多不确定性，新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延又为全球经济发展带来新的挑战。世界银行（World Bank）2020 年 6 月期全球经济展望预计，2020 年全球经济或将收缩5.2%，成为第二次世界大战以来程度最深的经济衰退。根据领英（LinkedIn）全球雇佣率数据，新冠肺炎疫情期间世界范围内就业市场的招聘活跃度与 2019 年相比显著降低，多数国家和地区雇佣率出现大幅下滑，全球高校毕业生面临“最难就业季”。随着疫情在部分国家和地区得到有效控制，各地劳动力市场也不同程度地复苏起来。中国是最早呈现正增长的国家截至 2020 年 6 月中旬，中国雇佣率已较去年同期增长约 11 个百分点。虽然我国就业趋势稳步向好，但高校毕业生仍然面临诸多挑战。根据教育部最新预测数据，2020 年我国高校毕业生将再创历史新高，达到 874 万人，同比增长 40 万人。一方面，受新冠疫情持续和国际关系变化等影响，众多行业面临可持续发展或转型升级的挑战，就业压力进一步增大；另一方面，作为深造重要途径的出国留学也在新冠疫情的影响下遭受重创，高校毕业生寻求发展的“可选范围”受到影响。在此背景下，高校毕业生如何选择发展方向，成为各方关注的焦点。为了更好地助力高校毕业生发展，全球化智库（CCG）与领英中国（LinkedIn）开展联合研究，基于领英平台大数据，对我国十所“双一流”高校（以下简称 U10）超过 21.8万毕业生的发展情况进行“画像分析”，洞察高校毕业生发展选择的方向与趋势。希望我们的研究能够为高校毕业生、高校在读学生、即将步入高校的新生，乃至高中毕业班学生提前规划发展路径提供帮助，研究中我们还就高校毕业生发展和我国职业与行业发展等趋势提出政策建议，供有关部门参考。前言 U10高校分别为清华大学、北京大学、中国人民大学、复旦大学、上海交通大学、浙江大学、武汉大学、华中科技大学、南京大学、中山大学，排名不分先后。高校选择统筹考虑了高校领英平台注册用户数量、高校毕业生用户选择深造与就业数量、学校声望，以及 QS、US News 世界大学综合排名等多个因素。样本包括了所有在领英填写 U10 教育经历，并且在 14 年至 19 年间毕业的用户。II中国高校毕业生发展洞察与展望Amidst uncertainties of the global development,COVID-19 has posed new challenges for global economic development.World Bank,in its Global Economic Prospects published in June 2020,estimated the global economy to shrink by 5.2%in 2020,resulting in the severest economic recession in the aftermath of World War II.According to LinkedIn data on global hiring rates,hiring activities in the global job market during the pandemic was much less active compared to the corresponding period last year.In most countries,hiring rates have dropped sharply and university graduates are entering the toughest employment season.In some countries and regions,however,due to effective control of the pandemic,local job markets have been recovering by varying degrees.According to LinkedIns Global Hiring Rate data,China was the first country to show positive growth in hiring rates,reaching to an annual growth rate of around 11%as of mid-June.Overall,China continues to show sustained positive hiring growth,but university graduates still face substantial challenges.According to the Ministry of Educations latest estimates,the graduate class of 2020 in Chinese universities will increase by 400,000 people compared to the previous year,reaching a record high of 8.74 million people.On one hand,due to the pandemic and tensions in international relations,many industries are currently facing challenges in terms of sustainable development as well as industrial transformation and upgrading.This has resulted in rising employment pressures.On the other hand,studying abroad as an important way to receive further education has also suffered from heavy losses due to the pandemic,circumscribing the choices of development pathways among university graduates.In this context,the ways in which university graduates choose their development pathways have become a focal point for all the relevant stakeholders.To better empower university graduates,LinkedIn China and the Center for China and Globalization(CCG)have collaborated on a joint research.Using LinkedIns Economic Graph data,we conducted a portrait analysis on the profiles of more than 218,000 graduates from ten universities under the Double First Class University Plan(thereafter referred to as U10),to gain insights with regards to the directions and trends of development undertaken by university graduates.We hope that our research can provide valuable insights to university graduates,current university students,as well as senior high school graduates who are about to enter universities or planning their professional development choices in advance.In this study,we also put forward policy suggestions on the development of university graduates and Chinas trends of occupational and industrial development,providing references to universities and relevant government agencies.U10 universities are Tsinghua University,Peking University,Renmin University of China,Fudan University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Zhejiang University,Wuhan University,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Nanjing University and Sun Yat-sen University.In the selection of universities,LinkedIn has taken into account the number of registered users on LinkedIn platform,the number of university graduates choosing further education and employment,the reputation of universities,as well as QS and US News World University Rankings.The sample includes all users who have filled in U10