2023学年中考英语易错易丢分专题12感叹句和倒装句含解析.doc

专题12 感叹句和倒装句 丢分题详解 【2023年 • 青海省中考】___________ useful advice you gave us! A. What B. What a C. How 【参考答案】A 【试题解析】句意：你给了我们多么有用的建议啊！分析句子结构可知考查感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，根据useful advice 可知句型结构为：What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！，句中advice消息，不可数名词。故选A。 丢分探因 此题易误选B，很多学生容易把advice当成是可数名词，且useful是以辅音音音素开头的单词，所以第一空很容易误填What a，其实advice是不可数名词，前不用冠词，useful是形容词，故前用what修饰。 查漏补缺 感叹句的基本用法 用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导，具体用法如下表： 类别 结构 例句 what引导 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）! What a kind girl ( she is )! （她是）一个多么善良的女孩啊！ What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）! What beautiful flowers ( they are)! 多么漂亮的花！ What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气！ how引导 How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! 时间飞逝！ How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语）! How brave ( the hero is )!（这个英雄）真勇敢！ How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊! How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）! How clever ( a boy he is )! （他是）一个多么聪明的男孩啊！ 【典例】 【2023年 • 内蒙古呼和浩特中考】Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. ___________ great courage he showed! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 【答案】B 【解析】句意：关董救了一位老太太走出长江。他表现出多么杰出的勇气啊！从句意知，本题考查的是感叹句，由于courage是不可数名词，因此用感叹词 What，故选B。 【2023年 • 湖南省邵阳中考】—___________ different life is today! —Yeah. We are all living a happy and rich life now. A. What a B. How C. What 【答案】B 【解析】分析句子结构可知考查感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，根据different life is today可知句型结构为：How +形容词+主语+谓语动词！different形容词，不同的， life生活，主语 故选B。 陈述句改感叹句 陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用＂一断二加三换位＂的方法： 1. ＂一断＂，即在谓语后边断开，使句子分为两部分。 She is ‖ a beautiful girl. 她是一位美丽的姑娘。 He works ‖ hard. 他工作努力。 2. ＂二加＂，即如果第二部分为副词、形容词，就加上how；如果是一个名词(词组)，就加上what。 She is ‖ (what) a beautiful girl. He works ‖ (how) hard. 3. ＂三换位＂，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹号。 What a beautiful girl she is! How hard he works! 【典例】 She is a hard-working student. (改为感叹句) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What a hard-working student she is! /How hard-working she is!　　 【解析】感叹句有What... 和How... 两种结构，在该题中，如果用What，感叹部分为What a hard-working student；而如果用How，感叹部分则为How hard-working。　　 方法技巧 感叹句记忆口诀 感叹句，并不难，what与how应在前。 形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。 名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。 主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见 丢分题详解 It was because I was caught in the traffic jam ___________ I came to school late this morning. A. which B. when C. what D. that 【参考答案】D 【试题解析】本题考查强调句。这是一个强调句型It is...that...……结构，强调原因状语，故选D。句意：今天早上我来学习迟到是因为我陷于交通阻塞。 丢分探因 此题考查强调句型，It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...，判断强调句型的一个原则是，把It is/was和that/who...去掉，句子仍然是一个完整的句子，此句把It was和空处之后，剩下的为because I was caught in the traffic jam I came to school late this morning，仍然是一个完整的句子，故判断此题考查强调句型，故选D。 查漏补缺 　 强调句型是一种特殊句式，用于表达说话任强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是使句中某一部分所包含的信息，通过某种手段比一般情况下显得更加重要。 1. 强调句的基本结构及用法 (1)基本句型： It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who... It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解， 孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。 (强调方式状语) (2)一般疑问句形式： Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？ Was it because he behaved badly that he was punished by this teacher? 是因为他表现太差而受到老师的惩罚吗？ (3)特殊疑问句形式： 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？ ,特殊疑问词就是被强调部分。 When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？ 【易错警示】 当疑问句式的强调句出现在名词性从句中时，疑问句语序要变成陈述句语序。 He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake. 他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。 I just wonder why it is that Mr. Black seldom mentions his childhood? (4)强调句的反义疑问句 强调句的反义疑问句由that/who前的主句确定用isn’t it 或wasn’t it. It is Mr. Smith who will come to give us a lecture tomorrow, isn’t it? It was in the dining room that you lost your wallet , wasn’t it? (4)含有not... until... 的强调句型： It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that... It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. 直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。 2. 强调句中it的应用 It在强调句中无实际意义，也不可以用that 或this替代。 3. 强调句中be动词的应用 若原句是现在时或将来时，be动词用is ;若原句为过去时，则be动词用was.另外，可视情况在be动词前加情态动词may, might, could , must等，表明说话人的语气。强调句的否定式在be动词后加not。 It is his determination rather than cleverness that has made him more and more successful. It was in the village school that I finished my primary school. It might be in the office that you left your keys. It was not everyone that can do such a thing. 4. 强调句中that/who的应用 若强调句的被强调部分是人，用that或who均可；若被强调部分指物或其他情况，则一律用that.如： It was Tony who/that happened to meet our English teacher in the bookstore. It was in the bookstore that Tony happened to meet our English teacher in the bookstore 5. 强调句不能强调定语和谓语动词 强调谓语动词时， 要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。 The family did manage to send him to a technical school. 家里的确设法让他上技术学校。 1）强调主语 It is my parents that always encourage me to try new things. 注意：强调主语时，应注意原句的谓语动词仍与被强调的主语保持一致。被强调的部分的主语无论是单数还是复数形式，强调结构中的be 动词只能用is或was. 例如：It is I who am going to the cinema with some friends. It is Lucy and Mary that will come to see me this Sunday. 2）强调宾语 It was an English-Chinese dictionary that I bought this morning. 3）强调状语 It is because of illness that he failed to attend the meeting. It is only when something gets lost that you