2023年unit1《howdoyoustudyforatest》知识要点总结新目标九年级doc初中英语.docx

² Unit 1 How do you study for a test知识要点总结 ² 现在完成时态 ⑴由have/ has ＋　过去分词 ⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用 Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？ Yes, I have. I have just finished it.　是的。我刚刚完成了。 I have already finished it .　我已经完成了。 Have you ever been to China　你曾经去过中国吗？ No, I have never been there.　没有，我从来也没有去过。 ⑶ ①表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态和表示过去某 一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用 如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以 及how long ） ② 注：非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导 的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。 应转为相应的延续性动词 如： buy---- have die---- be dead join ---- be in borrow----- keep leave---- be away I have bought a pen.------ I have had a pen for 2 weeks. The dog has died.------- The dog has been dead since last week. ⑷①have (has) been to + 地点 去过某地 已经回来 ②have (has) gone to + 地点 去了某地 没有回来 ③have been in + 地点 一直呆在某地 没有离开过 如： She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来) She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来) She has been in Shanghai for 2 days. 她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海) ² how to swim 怎样游泳　 　　不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。 ² 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。 连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词 作表语外，一般都是接形容词。　如： 　　They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired. ² 词汇 1. differently adv. different adj. 2. quick adj. quickly adv. 3. slow adj. slowly adv. 4. easy adj. easily adv. 5. friend n.朋友 friendship n. 友谊 6. important adj. 重要的　 unimportant不重要的 7. learn v. 学习　 learner n. 学习者 8. impress v. 使感动　　　　impressed　adj. 感动的 9. pronounce v. 发音　　　　pronunciation n. 发音 10. help v. 帮助　　　helpful adj. 有帮助的 11. science n. 科学　　　scientist n. 科学家 12. happy adj. 快乐的　　 unhappy adj. 不快乐的 13. disagreement n. 不同意见　　　agreement n. 同意 　 disagree v. 　不同意　　　　　agree v. 同意 ² 短语、句型 1. by doing 2. talk about, talk to , talk with 3. 提建议的句子 4. a lot, a lot of , lots of 5. too … to …　 6. aloud, loud, loudly 7. not …at all 8. be/ get excited about sth./ doing sth. 9. end up doing 10.first of all, to begin with , later on 11. also, either, too 12. make mistakes 13. laugh at 14. take notes 15. enjoy doing 16. native speaker 17. make up 18. one of …　 19. it’s +形容词+ to do sth. 20. practice doing 21. decide to do 22. unless 23 . deal with 24. worry about sth./ sb. 25.be angry with sb. 26. perhaps, maybe 27. go by 28. see sb. / sth. doing 29 . each other 30. regard … as …　 31. too many, too much , much too 32. change …into … 33. with the help of sb. 34. compare … to … 35. instead, instead of 36. try one’s best to do 37. look up 1. by + doing 通过……方式　如：by studying with a group by 还可以表示：“在…旁〞、“靠近〞、“在…期间〞、“用、〞 　　　　　　　　“经过〞、“乘车〞等 　　如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论　如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。 talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth. 如：What/ How about going shopping ②Why don’t you + do sth. 如：Why don’t you go shopping ③Why not + do sth. 如：Why not go shopping ④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth. 如：Shall we/ I go shopping 4. a lot 许多 常用于句末　如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 a lot of许多　== lots of 许多　常与名词连用 5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son. 他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打搅别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如： I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 那么放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth. === be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如： The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束 如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先 . to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随 11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否认句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。 I am not