2018
2022
广西
HIV
感染
影响
因素
分析
赖铭霜
广西医科大学学报JOURNAL OF GUANGXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY2023 Jan;40(1)20182022年广西宾阳县吸毒人群危险行为变化及HIV感染的影响因素分析*赖铭霜1,韦献林2,李德远1,张世真2,肖苏洋1,李金秀1,吴凯丽1,曾小云1(1.广西医科大学公共卫生学院,南宁530021;2.广西宾阳县疾病预防控制中心,宾阳530400)摘要目的:分析广西宾阳县20182022年吸毒人群危险行为变化趋势及人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的影响因素。方法:按照全国艾滋病(AIDS)哨点监测项目要求,在广西宾阳县各监测哨点随机抽取研究对象,开展问卷调查及HIV、梅毒、HCV抗体检测;采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析吸毒人群感染HIV的影响因素。结果:20182022年共调查1 615名吸毒人员,以汉族青壮年男性为主;各年度AIDS知识知晓率分别为99.75%、99.75%、100.00%、100.00%、100.00%,总体知晓率为99.88%,呈逐年提高的趋势(2趋势43.77,P0.001);最近一个月注射毒品(2趋势63.72,P0.001)、曾经与别人共用针具(2趋势7.04,P0.008)、最近一年吸毒后发生性行为(2趋势44.06,P0.001)的比例呈逐年下降的趋势;最近一次吸毒后发生性行为时使用安全套比例(2趋势4.40,P0.036)、最近一年商业性行为坚持使用安全套比例(2趋势98.30,P0.001)呈现逐年上升的趋势;20182022年,吸毒人群HIV、梅毒、HCV总体阳性率分别为5.70%,10.50%,59.40%;多因素Logistic回归分析显示:文化程度初中及以上(OR0.52,95%CI:0.290.91)、婚姻状态为未婚/离异或丧偶(OR2.75,95%CI:1.704.44)、共用针具(OR25.21,95%CI:10.6959.42)、HCV 感染(OR2.78,95%CI:1.704.44)是吸毒人群感染 HIV 的影响因素(均P0.05)。结论:广西宾阳县吸毒人群AIDS相关危险行为呈减少趋势,针对吸毒人群的不同特征采取指向性的干预手段是遏制AIDS在该人群播散的要点。关键词吸毒人群;艾滋病;危险行为;影响因素中图分类号:R512.91文献标志码:A文章编号:1005-930X(2023)01-0025-08DOI:10.16190/ki.45-1211/r.2023.01.005Analysis of risk behavior changes and influencing factors of HIV infection among drug usersin Binyang county of Guangxi from 2018 to 2022Lai Mingshuang1,Wei Xianlin2,Li Deyuan1,Zhang Shizhen2,Xiao Suyang1,Li Jinxiu1,Wu Kaili1,Zeng Xiaoyun1.(1.School of Public Health,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China;2.Binyang County Center forDisease Control and Prevention in Guangxi Province,Binyang 530400,China)AbstractObjective:To analyze the trend of risk behavior changes and the influencing factors of human immu-nodeficiency virus(HIV)infection among drug users in Binyang county of Guangxi from 2018 to 2022.Metho-ds:In accordance with the requirements of the National AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Program,study subjectswere randomly selected at sentinel site in Binyang county,and questionnaires and antibody tests for HIV,syphilisand HCV were conducted.Multifactorial Logistic regression model was performed to analyze the influencing fac-tors of HIV infection in drug users.Results:A total of 1,615 drug users were surveyed from 2018 to 2022,and amajority of them were Han Chinese adult males.The knowledge awareness rate of AIDS in each year was99.75%,99.75%,100.00%,100.00%,and 100.00%respectively,with an overall knowledge awareness rate of99.88%,showing a year-on-year increase(2trend=43.77,P0.001).There was a decreasing trend in the propor-tions of injecting drugs in the last month(2trend=63.72,P0.001),sharing needles with others(2trend=7.04,P=0.008),and having sex after drug use in thelast year(2trend=44.06,P0.001).Additionally,there*基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目(No.2017YFC0907103)通信作者,E-mail:收稿日期:2022-12-19 25广西医科大学学报2023 Jan;40(1)was a yearly increasing trend in the proportion of condom use at the most recent sex after drug use(2trend=4.40,P=0.036),and the proportion of adherence to condom use at the most recent year of commercial sex(2trend=98.30,P0.001).From 2018 to 2022,the overall positive rates of HIV,syphilis and HCV in drug users were 5.70%,10.50%and 59.40%,respectively.Furthermore,multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that education-al levels equal to or above middle school(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.29-0.91),single/divorced/widowed(OR=2.75,95%CI:1.70-4.44),needle sharing(OR=25.21,95%CI:10.69-59.42),and HCV infection(OR=2.78,95%CI:1.70-4.44)were influencing factors for HIV infection in drug users(allP0.05).Conclusion:AIDS-related riskbehaviors among the drug users in Binyang county show a significant downward trend,and targeting interven-tions for different characteristics of the drug users are the key strategies to curbAIDS transmission.Keywordsdrug users;AIDS;risk behaviors;influencing factors艾滋病又称获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquiredimmune deficiency syndrome,AIDS),是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染引起的致死性传染病,严重威胁我国公众健康1。2021年,全球报告的现存HIV/AIDS 患者3 840万例,新增HIV感染者150万例2。毒品与AIDS的关系已成为世界瞩目的公共卫生问题。毒品是传播HIV的温床,毒品盛行的地方HIV、丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)必然猖獗3。吸毒者通过共用注射器、嫖娼卖淫等活动成为向一般人群传播HIV及HCV的桥梁人群4。随着AIDS干预举措和战略的不断调整,吸毒人群AIDS流行病学特征及相关危险行为势必发生转变。然而,近年来广西宾阳县吸毒人群AIDS疫情的流行特征和演变趋向尚未见详细阐述和探究。本文通过对20182022年广西宾阳县吸毒人群AIDS监测数据进行统计,分析该人群危险行为的变化情况及感染HIV的影响因素,为制订具有广西宾阳县特色的AIDS防治对策奠定基础。1对象与方法1.1 研究对象监测系统中广西宾阳县20182022年的吸毒人群。1.2研究方法1.2.1监测方法20182022年,按照实施方案,于每年46月份在广西宾阳县重点地区进行监测,以“滚雪球”的方式在社区招募研究对象。以问卷调查形式收集相关资料,问卷内容主要有:一般人口学特征、AIDS知识知晓情况、行为学特点、接受AIDS干预服务情况等。1.2.2血清学检测采集调查对象35 mL静脉血,进行HIV、梅毒及HCV抗体检测。采用酶联免疫试剂初步筛查HIV及HCV抗体。HIV初筛阳性者,应用蛋白印迹技术进行确诊。对初筛为阳性的梅毒患者,应用特异性梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验进行复查。HCV初筛阳性者,使用不同厂商的酶联免疫试剂进行第2次检测。若2项测试都为阳性,则可判定为HIV、梅毒或HCV抗体阳性。1.3统计学方法采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计数资料采用率或构成比进行描述,不同组间比较采用2检验,连续5年的线性趋势变化采用趋势2检验。计量资料用均数标准差(x s)表示。采用单因素2分析筛选吸毒人群感染HIV的可能影响因素,以P0.05为纳入多因素分析模型的标准。运用多因素Logistic回归模型分析HIV感染的影响因子。以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2结果2.1人口学特征20182022年每年调查人数分别为400名、400名、353名、266名、196名,共1 615名。调查对象以汉族男性居多,平均年龄(41.248.20)岁,主要分布于3049岁,较大年龄吸毒者所占比例呈逐年上升的趋势(2趋势20.74,P0.001)。婚姻状态多数为在婚,未婚吸毒者所占比例呈逐年下降的趋势(2趋势25.95,P0.001)。文化程度普遍低下,26以初中及以下文化水平为主,见表1。2.2AIDS知识知晓及接受AIDS干预服务情况20182022年广西宾阳县吸毒人群AIDS知识知晓率分别为99.75%、99.75%、100.00%、100.00%、100