20世纪80年代深圳经济特区城市公园的实践与表现_刘新宇.pdf

070VOLUME 10/ISSUE 4/AUGUST 2022The Practice and Representation of Urban Parks in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the 1980shttps:/doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-1-030036EDITED BY Tina TIAN,ZHOU JiayiABSTRACT After reform and opening up,Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and its urban construction have an unusual significance for China.However,the prevailing emergence of urban parks built in a super speed in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is not paid much attention by the academia regarding its historical process of construction.This study examines the history of urban park construction through dual lenses of“nationstate”and“globallocal”with a hope to explore the genealogy and reason lying behind the local practice of urban park construction in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone from a transnational global perspective.The authors argue that the construction of urban parks in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the 1980s was closely related to foreign capital investment.Moreover,the national form adopted in park design during this period coincided with that of the special economic zones as a node of national rejuvenation.Relying on the global flow of ideas,this research attempts to provide interpretative view to comprehend the construction history of urban parks in China at the very beginning of the reform and opening.HIGHLIGHTS Explores the relationship between urbanization,urban policy,and urban parks in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the 1980s Argues that the greening construction in Singapore significantly influenced the construction of urban parks in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the 1980s Examines the formal representation of the nationstate in the design and conceptual genealogy of urban parks in Shenzhen Special Economic ZoneKEYWORDS Shenzhen Special Economic Zone;Urban Park;Greening;Transnational Perspective;Reform and OpeningRECEIVED DATE 2022-07-29*CORRESPONDING AUTHORAddress:Mong Man Wai Building,City University of Hong Kong,83 Tat Chee Avenue,Kowloon,Hong Kong 999077,China Email:bscqxcityu.edu.hk1 Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China2 Department of Landscape Architecture,School of Architecture,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,ChinaLIU Xinyu1,2WANG Xiaojun2XUE Qiuli1,*LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS/VIEWS&CRITICISMS0711 IntroductionAmong discussions on topics regarding Chinese contemporary urban construction and related issues,urban parks are technically accepted as ecological infrastructures or outdoor activity spaces;while research on the philosophy and social context of construction can rarely be found against the large background of urban construction.Regardless of the definitions of a park traced from the perspective of ontology,our ultimate pursuit is to ask how to understand,construct,operate,and use urban parks in our social life1.Thus,an urban park,as a space of cultural form,is the representation of urban social life,just like a street,residential community,and public building;whereas,as a cultural form of nature,an urban park is a symbolic landscape superimposed with a specific meaning,similar to a river,farmland,and traditional garden.Research in the field of Social Sciences reminds historical writing that the production of space and nature is closely related to the order of power and is influenced by social practice in a specific period of time2.Therefore,it is necessary to deeply explore the systems,policies,and concepts in the process of spatial and natural production in the intellectual discussion of urban parks34.In the 1970s,the neo-liberal political economy movement in developed countries expedited an international division of labor.Asian countries and regions such as Republic of Korea,Singapore,and Chinas Taiwan and Hong Kong also started their economic take-off.At a historical turning point in the late 1970s,China ushered in new opportunities and inspirations.The Shenzhen Special Economic Zone(SSEZ hereafter),located in the Pacific Rim and the middle of Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia,was established in 1980.With its international pattern and geographical advantage,Shenzhen was selected as the test field for Guangdong Province to go“one step ahead”to carry out reform and opening up across China5.In addition,SSEZ is also considered an epitome of contemporary Chinese cities,because the strategic intention of its establishment is not only to let the world see Chinas competence and determination to reintegrate into the world,but also to develop a model for the modernization of cities in Chinese mainland6.There were only three parks in Shenzhen before 1979,and the number increased dramatically to more than 1,090 by 2019,with urban parks at various scales.Given the fact that the basic models of describing nature and space are substantially-shaped by political,economic,and cultural contexts78,research on construction process of urban parks will present them as social space and nature,no longer simply revolving about urb