ASTM_F_221_-_98_2003.pdf

Designation:F 221 98(Reapproved 2003)Standard Terminology Relating toCarbon Paper and Inked Ribbon Products and Images MadeTherefrom1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 221;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This set of definitions is intended for use by users ofcarbon paper,inked ribbons and images made therefrom,sothat they will be able to better understand the terminology usedby others in the field.2.Terminologyacceptance rangea relative range of variation in impactpressure and release characteristic over which the imageacceptor media will receive an image of specified quality.accuracy(as distinguished from precision)the degree ofconformity of a measured or calculated value to somerecognized standard or specified value.This concept in-volves the systematic error of an operation,which is seldomnegligible.(E 380)angle of inclinationan angle at which the test sheet andsupporting base are inclined from the horizontal.(F 254)archival qualitythe ability of a print to retain specifiedcharacteristics and legibility over a period of use and storageunder specified conditions.backgroundthe reflectance of the receptor virgin surface.bleed of imagespread or diffusion of an image with time.bleeding of coatingthe diffusion of coloring matter througha substrate from the coating,or to copy paper from thecoating.blockingthe tendency for coated sheets to stick togetherunder pressure.(F 335)burn-off papersmaterials sensitive to and that will producean image by electric current.carbon or carbon sheetsee carbon paper.carbon papera sheet composed of a supporting substrate onone or both sides of which is a coating containing atransferable(usually colored)material.The coating is ofsuch nature that it will transfer in part or entirely to a copysheet at the point of pressure contact.(F 129)carbon tissuea substrate manufactured for use in the pro-duction of carbon paper.cartridgea case containing an inked ribbon correction rib-bon,or dry ink toner for insertion into an image producingdevice.cassettesee cartridge.chemical reaction paperspapers that produce a visibleimage by the reaction of relatively colorless materials whichcome into contact under pressure.cleanlinessthe degree of freedom from undesirable andunintentional ink transfer from carbon paper and inkedribbons.coefficient of image removalthe change in reflectance of theprinted pattern divided by one hundred.(F 362)color bleed resistancethe freedom from intermixing of theinks on multiple-colored ribbons.controla standard production-inked ribbon(film or fabric),carbon paper,manifold sets,etc.that has known values innormal use.(F 153)correctable(as related to typewriter ribbons)an imagethat may be completely removed from the substrate bymeans of lift-off rather than erasure or cover-up.cover-upthe obliteration of one or more images by means ofan opaque material similar in color to the substrate.curlthe degree of curvature of a sheet of paper or carbonpaper.curl resistancethe tendency of sheet carbon to be flat onexposure to varying conditions of temperature and humidity.embossedany deformation of the back of the acceptor mediadue to imaging,usually by type action.erasabilityease with which the image may be removedwithout impairing the surface of the paper.fabric ribbonan inked ribbon wherein the substrate is awoven cloth material,such as nylon,cotton,silk,etc.featheringan undesirable thread-like deposit extending ra-dially from the edge of an image.festooningloading a cartridge with a supply of imagingmaterial without the use of carrier spools.flakingthat phenomenon manifested in film carbon ribbonsand carbon paper by the actual detachment of pieces of theink itself from the substrate.Flaking is the result of loss ofadhesion,usually due to strain or extension of the filmribbon substrate due to tension or to contact with ribbon1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 onBusiness Imaging Products and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF05.01 on Nomenclature and Definitions.Current edition approved Dec.10,1998.Published February 1999.Originallypublished as F 221 63.Last previous edition F 221 93.Redesignated as F 221 inApril 1968.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.guides or parts other than the type font,or both.Flaking ofcarbon paper is usually due to stress or cracking of the inkfilm by folding,handling,etc.heat sensitivea material composition that will produce animage from application of localized heat.imagethe optical counterpart of an object produced bymeans of an image-producing device.image colorappearance of the image dependent upon thespectral reflectance of the image,the spectral