ASTM_F_1693_-_17.pdf

Designation:F169317Standard Guide forConsideration of Bioremediation as an Oil Spill ResponseMethod on Land1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1693;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 The goal of this guide is to provide recommendationsfor the use of biodegradation enhancing agents for remediatingoil spills in terrestrial environments.1.2 This is a general guide only,assuming the bioremedia-tion agent to be safe,effective,available,and applied inaccordance with both manufacturers recommendations andrelevant environmental regulations.As referred to in this guide,oil includes crude and refined petroleum products.1.3 This guide addresses the application of bioremediationagents alone or in conjunction with other technologies,follow-ing spills on surface terrestrial environments.1.4 This guide does not consider the ecological effects ofbioremediation agents.1.5 This guide applies to all terrestrial environments.Specifically,it addresses various technological applicationsused in these environments.1.6 In making bioremediation-use decisions,appropriategovernment authorities must be consulted as required by law.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Inaddition,it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that suchactivity takes place under the control and direction of aqualified person with full knowledge of any potential orappropriate safety and health protocols.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 aerobesorganisms that require air or free oxygen forgrowth.2.1.2 anaerobesorganisms that grow in the absence of airor oxygen and do not use molecular oxygen in respiration.2.1.3 bioaugmentationthe addition of microorganisms(usually predominantly bacteria)to increase the biodegradationrate of target pollutants.2.1.4 biodegradationchemical alteration and breakdownof a substance,usually to smaller products,caused by micro-organisms or their enzymes.2.1.5 bioremediationenhancement of biodegradation.2.1.6 bioremediation agentsinorganic and organic com-pounds and microorganisms that are added to enhance degra-dation processes,predominantly microbial.2.1.7 biostimulationthe addition of microbial nutrients,oxygen,heat,or water,or some combination thereof,toenhance the rate of biodegradation of target pollutants byindigenous species(predominantly bacteria).2.1.8 ecosystemorganisms and the surrounding environ-ment combined in a community that is self-supporting.3.Significance and Use3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide remediationmanagers and spill response teams with guidance on bioreme-diation.3.2 Bioremediation is one of many available tools and maynot be applicable to all situations.This guide can be used inconjunction with other ASTM guides addressing oil spillresponse operations as well as options other than bioremedia-tion.4.General Considerations for Bioremediation Use4.1 Bioremediation technologies attempt to accelerate thenatural rate of biodegradation.In situ,solid-phase,and slurry-phase represent the major bioremediation technologies used.These technologies may be unnecessary in those cases in whichthe natural rate of biodegradation suffices,such as for thinfilms.The use of adequate controls in preliminary field studies,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.13 on Treatment.Current edition approved Aug.1,2017.Published January 2018.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1693 13.DOI:10.1520/F1693-17.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 or the results of previously reported studies,will assist indetermining the extent to which microorganism or nutrientamendments,or both,are necessary to obtain the desired rate ofdegradation.4.2 Bioremediati