ASTM_F_1720_-_14.pdf

Designation:F172014An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasuring Thermal Insulation of Sleeping Bags Using aHeated Manikin1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1720;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONSleeping bags are used by people in outdoor environments to insulate them from the cold(that is,reduce their body heat loss to the environment).Sleeping bags often are used with ground pads andclothing inside tents that provide additional protection from the environment.The amount ofinsulation needed in a sleeping bag depends upon the air temperature and a number of otherenvironmental factors(for example,wind speed,radiant temperature,moisture in the air),humanfactors(for example,a persons metabolic heat production that is affected by gender,age,fitness level,body type,size,position,and movement),and physical factors(for example,amount of body coverageand the quality of the insulating materials).The insulation value,expressed in clo units,can be usedto characterize sleeping bags and sleeping bag systems.Insulation values can be used in body heat lossmodels to predict the temperature ratings for comfort.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the insulationvalue of a sleeping bag or sleeping bag system.It measures theresistance to dry heat transfer from a constant skin temperaturemanikin to a relatively cold environment.This is a static testthat generates reproducible results,but the manikin cannotsimulate real life sleeping conditions relating to some humanand environmental factors,examples of which are listed in theintroduction.1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the sleep-ing bag or sleeping bag system,as tested,and for the specifiedthermal and environmental conditions of each test,particularlywith respect to air movement past the manikin.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation ofClothing Using a Heated Manikin2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 13537 2002 Requirements for Sleeping BagsISO15831 2004ClothingPhysiologicalEffectsMeasurement of Thermal Insulation by Means of a Ther-mal Manikin3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 auxiliary products,nitems used with a sleeping bagto create a sleeping bag system such as clothing,ground pad,and bivy sack.3.1.2 clo,nunit of thermal resistance(insulation)equal to0.155Cm2/W.3.1.2.1 DiscussionAheavy mens business suit provides 1clo of insulation.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment,Playing Surfaces,and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.22 on Camping Softgoods.Current edition approved Nov.1,2014.Published November 2014.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F1720 06(2011).DOI:10.1520/F1720-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.3 dry heat loss,nheat transferred from the bodysurface to a cooler environment by means of conduction,convection,and radiation.3.1.4 manikin,na life-size model of the human body witha surface temperature similar to that of a human being.3.1.5 sleeping bag,na structure made of down,syntheticfiberfill,shell fabrics,or other materials,or a combinationthereof,that is designed for people to use for thermal protec-tion when sleeping(for example,outdoors,tent,cabin).3.1.6 sleeping bag system,nsleeping bag used with aux-iliary products such as clothing,ground pad,and bivy sack.3.1.7 thermal insulation,nresistance to dry heat transferby way of conduction,convection,and radiation.3.1.8 total insulation(IT),nthe resistance to dry heat lossfrom the manikin that includes the resistance provided by thesleeping bag,auxiliary products(if used)and the air layeraround the manikin.3.1.8.1 DiscussionTotal insulation values(IT)are mea-sured directly with a manikin.They can be used to comparedifferent sleeping bags,as long as each test is conducted usingthe same experimental procedures and test conditions.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A heated manikin is placed inside a sleeping bag orsleeping bag system in a cold environ