ASTM_F_2926_-_12.pdf

Designation:F292612Standard Guide forSelection and Operation of Vessel-mounted CameraSystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2926;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for theselection of camera remote sensing systems that are vessel-mounted for the detection of oil on water.1.2 This guide applies to the detection of oil-on-waterinvolving cameras of IR,visible,ultra-violet,or night visiontypes.1.3 The context of camera use is addressed to the extent ithas a bearing on their selection and utility for certain missionsor objectives.1.4 This guide is generally applicable to all types of crudeoils and most petroleum products,under a variety of marine orfresh water situations.1.5 Many camera technologies exhibit limitations with re-spect to discriminating between the target substances undercertain states of weathering,lighting,wind and sea,or variouscamera settings.1.6 General remote sensing systems are used to detect anddelineate the overall slick.Vessel-mounted systems are usedonly to provide a tactical image in front of the recovery vessel.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2327 Guide for Selection of Airborne Remote SensingSystems for Detection and Monitoring of Oil on Water3.Significance and Use3.1 The contributions of an effective vessel-mounted cam-era system:3.1.1 Provide a tactical image of the portion of spill in frontof the vessel upon which the system is mounted,3.1.2 Assist in detection of slicks when they are not observ-able by persons operating at,or near,the waters surface or atnight,3.1.3 Provide assistance in judging whether these are sheensor slicks containing the most oil,3.1.4 Provide input for the operational deployment ofequipment,3.1.5 Extend the hours of clean-up operations to includedarkness and poor visibility,3.1.6 Identify oceanographic and geographic features to-ward which the oil may migrate,3.1.7 Locate reported oil-on-water,and3.1.8 Guidance for operational crews to the slick(s).4.Overview of Remote Sensing Equipment Capabilitiesand Limitations4.1 The capability of camera equipment is determined bythe physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere,thewater,and the target oil.There may be variations in the degreeof sophistication,sensitivity and spatial resolution of sensorsusing the same portion of the electromagnetic spectrum anddetector technology.Sensors within a given class tend to havethe same general capabilities and typically suffer from the samelimitations(see Guide F2327).4.2 Combinations of camera types may offer broader spec-tral coverage that permit better probability of detection,betterdiscrimination,and effective operation over a broader range ofweather and lighting conditions.Certain combinations,orsensor suites,are well documented,and their use is particularlysuited to oil spill response missions.4.3 Camera performance can be enhanced by a variety ofreal-,near real-time or post processing techniques applied to1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.16 on Surveillance and Tracking.Current edition approved March 1,2012.Published March 2012.DOI:10.1520/F292612.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 the acquired data or imagery.Furthermore,image or datafusion can greatly enhance the utility of the camera output orproduct.4.4 In a deployment of camera systems,it is likely that thesource,general location and type of oil have been reported inadvance of the launch of the vessel upon which the camerasystem is mounted.The planning for spills in different situationinfluences the selection of cameras.4.5 Vessel-mounted cameras can provide tactical imagery,such as to determine the response vessel maneuvers to enhancethe oil encounter rates during daytime and nighttime.4.6 In rough sea conditions,some form of camera stabili-zation may be needed to produce a useful image.4.7 No sensor is currently available to give information ona