STM_52921-13.pdf

ISO/ASTM 52921:2013(E)Standard Terminology forAdditive ManufacturingCoordinate Systems and TestMethodologies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 52921;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.1.Scope1.1 This terminology includes terms,definitions of terms,descriptions of terms,nomenclature,and acronyms associatedwith coordinate systems and testing methodologies for additivemanufacturing(AM)technologies in an effort to standardizeterminology used by AM users,producers,researchers,educators,press/media,and others,particularly when reportingresults from testing of parts made on AM systems.Termsincluded cover definitions for machines/systems and theircoordinate systems plus the location and orientation of parts.Itis intended,where possible,to be compliant with ISO 841 andto clarify the specific adaptation of those principles to additivemanufacturing.NOTE1The applicability of this standard to cladding has to beevaluated.Discussions are under progress.NOTE2Non-cartesian systems are not covered by this standard.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsF2792 TerminologyforAdditiveManufacturingTechnologies,2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 841 Industrial Automation Systems and IntegrationNumerical Control of MachinesCoordinate System andMotion NomenclatureISO 527(all parts),Plastics Determination of tensilepropertiesISO 6892-1 Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1:Method of test at room temperature3.Significance and Use3.1 Although many additive manufacturing systems arebased heavily upon the principles of Computer NumericalControl(CNC),the coordinate systems and nomenclaturespecific to CNC are not sufficient to be applicable across thefull spectrum of additive manufacturing equipment.This ter-minology expands upon the principles of ISO 841 and appliesthem specifically to additive manufacturing.Although thisterminology is intended to complement ISO 841,if thereshould arise any conflict,this terminology shall have priorityfor additive manufacturing applications.For any issues notcovered in this terminology,the principles in ISO 841 may beapplied.3.2 Furthermore,this terminology does not prescribe the useof any specific existing testing methodologies or standards thatpractitioners of AM may wish to employ for testing purposes;however,it is expected that practitioners will employ appro-priate existing methodologies and standards to test parts madeby AM.4.Terminology4.1 DefinitionsDefinitions shall be in accordance withTerminology F2792 and the following:1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 onAdditive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee F42.01 on Test Methods,and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 261.Current edition approved March 26,2013.Published May 2013.Originallypublished as ASTM F2921-11.Last previous edition ASTM F2921-1132For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.ISO/ASTM International 2013 All rights reserved1Terms and DefinitionsAM Machines and their Coordinate Systemsbuild platform,nof a machine,any base which provides asurface upon which the build is started and supportedthroughout the build process(see A1.1).DISCUSSIONThe machine build platform may be solid or perforatedand made from a wide variety of materials and constructions.DISCUSSIONIn some systems the parts are built attached to the buildplatform,either directly or through a support structure.In othersystems,such as powder bed systems,no direct mechanical fixturebetween the build and the platform may be required.build surface,narea where material is added,normally onthe last deposited layer which becomes the foundation uponwhich the next layer is formed.DISCUSSIONFor the first layer the build surface is often the buildplatform.DISCUSSION If the orientation of the material deposition or consoli-dation means,or both,is variable,it may be defined relative to the buildsurface(for example,a blown powder head may be kept normal to it.See also Z axis discussion).front,nof a machine,shall be designated by the machinebuilder.DISCUSSIONGenerally,this is the side of the machine that theoperator faces to access the user interface or primary viewing window,or both.(See A1.1).mac